Severe vertigo is sometimes caused by a rare condition that affects the inner ear, called Ménière's disease. This can cause vertigo, as well as hearing loss, tinnitus and aural fullness (a feeling of pressure in your ear).
Vertigo causes dizziness and makes you feel like you're spinning when you're not. It most commonly occurs when there's an issue with your inner ear. But you can also develop it if you have a condition affecting your brain, like a tumor or stroke.
Common causes of dizziness related to the inner ear include: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), migraine and inflammation of the inner ear balance apparatus (vestibular neuritis). Dizziness may also be caused by other conditions such as low blood pressure and anxiety.
The most common conditions are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular migraine, Menière's disease and vestibular neuritis/labyrinthitis.
Frequent bouts about dizziness and vertigo can indicate B12 deficiency. You may experience a feeling of wobbles when you get up too fast from a sitting position.
Peripheral vertigo is due to a problem in the part of the inner ear that controls balance. These areas are called the vestibular labyrinth, or semicircular canals. The problem may also involve the vestibular nerve.
While a brain tumor isn't likely to be a direct cause of dizziness, some tumors can trigger headaches and bouts of nausea and vomiting that may be associated with a dizzy feeling. This is especially true if an individual experiences frequent vomiting and becomes dehydrated.
Balance Problems and Vertigo
Because acoustic neuromas arise from the vestibular nerve responsible for balance, unsteadiness or balance problems may be early symptoms of acoustic neuroma. Nearly half of people with acoustic neuromas notice these symptoms, which tend to worsen if the tumor grows.
The main feature in autoimmune vertigo is the presence of an abnormal immune response, in either absence or presence of systemic autoimmune disease, directed against delicate components of the inner ear.
Types of Vertigo: Peripheral, Central, BPPV, and More.
If you experience dizzy spells or the sensation of feeling off-balance, you may have vertigo without knowing. However, if the world around you is spinning while you're sitting still, it could point to a more serious condition.
Central Vertigo – This is Serious!
The first and foremost danger of leaving your dizziness untreated is that you could be experiencing dysfunction in your central nervous system. In other words, something could be wrong with your heart or brain – specifically your brainstem and/or cerebellum.
Cancer in the brain: Some cases of dizziness or balance problems may signal the location of cancer. Dizziness may occur as a result of a brain tumor, for example. Cancers in the cerebellum—the lower back part of the brain that controls coordination—often cause these symptoms.
Other symptoms of brain tumors include severe nausea, vomiting, seizures, personality changes, difficulties with speech, muscle weakness, vision or hearing loss, and problems with learning or memory. Early detection of brain tumors requires understanding and recognition of the above symptoms.
Stage 1 is decreased levels of vitamin B12 in the blood. Stage 2 is low concentration of vitamin B12 in the cell and metabolic abnormalities. Stage 3 is increased levels of homocysteine and MMA and decreased DNA synthesis resulting in neuropsychiatric symptoms. Stage 4 is macrocytic anemia.
Causes of labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis
The most common causes of vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are viral infections, often resulting from a systemic virus such as influenza (flu) or the herpes viruses, which cause chickenpox, shingles and cold sores.
Labyrinthitis is the inflammation of part of the inner ear called the labyrinth. The eighth cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve) may also be inflamed. The inflammation of these causes a feeling of spinning (vertigo), hearing loss, and other symptoms. In most people, these symptoms go away over time.
Feelings of nausea often accompany prolonged episodes of vertigo. Although not usually a serious health concern, vertigo can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition and should always be evaluated by a doctor to determine what treatment, if any, is needed.