Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence, also called TRAP sequence, TRAPS, or acardiac twinning, is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies. It is a severe variant of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.
Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) occurs in identical twin pregnancies when one twin has an absent or non-functioning heart and receives all of its blood from the normally functioning and developing "pump twin." The twins are joined by a large blood vessel between their umbilical cords.
Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP sequence) is a rare condition of monochorionic twin pregnancies. It arises when the cardiac system of one twin does the work of supplying blood for both twins. The twin supplying the blood is known as the "pump twin" and develops normally in the womb.
Pregnancy: Since Tramadol Hydrochloride & Paracetamol tablets is a fixed combination of active ingredients including tramadol, it should not be used during pregnancy.
Fetal Treatment: Radio-Frequency Ablation (RFA)
Over the years many efforts have been made to treat TRAP sequence. The goal was to find a way to safely stop flow to the acardiac mass, so that the normal pump twin is protected and is no longer in danger of heart failure or death.
Prognosis and outcome
Without intervention, the perinatal mortality rate in TRAP pregnancies is 35-55%. In contrast, selective reduction of the acardiac twin via RFA is associated with survival of the pump twin in over 90% of TRAP cases.
When both fetuses share one placenta, this is called a monochorionic placenta.
Certain uterine conditions or weak cervical tissues (incompetent cervix) might increase the risk of miscarriage. Smoking, alcohol and illicit drugs. Women who smoke during pregnancy have a greater risk of miscarriage than do nonsmokers. Heavy alcohol use and illicit drug use also increase the risk of miscarriage.
Positive sets refer to traps placed over or in front of an entrance hole, and barricaded to funnel the animals(s) into the trap (Figure 8). Positive sets catch only problem animals as only animals exiting the hole can be captured. Positive sets are used to remove animals from under sheds, decks, or in den holes.
"A meme from the internet describing a man who is intending to look like an attractive woman or a pre-op male to female transsexual. Females crossdressing as males or pre-op female to male transsexuals are often referred to as reverse traps. Some consider this usage of the word to be offensive."
Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a phenomenon with poor prognosis which is seen in 1/100 of monochorionic twin pregnancies. In TRAP sequence, there is a non-viable, acardiac fetus that has multiple anomalies and a pump fetus that feeds this fetus via vascular anastomosis in the placenta.
This is called the “TRAP fetus,” or sometimes referred to as the “acardiac fetus” because it either has a very underdeveloped heart or no heart at all. It could not grow or survive without the blood supply from the normal twin and it will not survive after birth.
Vanishing twin syndrome (VTS) is a miscarriage that causes a pregnancy involving twins to become a pregnancy involving one baby. It occurs when one of the embryos detected during an ultrasound stops developing. VTS can't be treated or prevented.
A parasitic twin is a type of conjoined twin where one fetus stops developing but remains attached to its twin. The other twin continues to develop, but is usually born with the limbs, organs or other tissue structures from its parasitic twin still attached. It's a very rare condition.
Most miscarriages - 8 out of 10 (80 percent) - happen in the first trimester before the 12th week of pregnancy. Miscarriage in the second trimester (between 13 and 19 weeks) happens in 1 to 5 in 100 (1 to 5 percent) pregnancies. Pregnancy loss that happens after 20 weeks is called stillbirth.
Many physicians advise pregnant women to sleep on their left side. Previous studies have linked back and right-side sleeping with a higher risk of stillbirth, reduced fetal growth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia, a life-threatening high blood pressure disorder that affects the mother.
cramping and pain in your lower tummy. a discharge of fluid from your vagina. a discharge of tissue from your vagina.
Don t be surprised if you develop a bit of a 6 weeks pregnant belly. Although your 6 week embryo is still well down in your pelvis, some women, especially those who've been pregnant before, seem to show much earlier. General abdominal distention is usually the cause.
Your nausea and vomiting may be worse than ever: Morning sickness peaks around 9 or 10 weeks of pregnancy for many women. That's when levels of the pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are highest (morning sickness is thought to be linked to rises in hCG and estrogen).
Avoid shark, swordfish, king mackerel, tilefish, and albacore tuna. Mercury can harm your baby's nervous system. Dry cleaning solvents, pesticides, and paint remover. Fumes from these chemicals can harm your baby.
Monoamniotic-monochorionic Twins
This is the rarest type of twin, and it means a riskier pregnancy as the babies can get tangled in their own umbilical cords. If you have monoamniotic-monochorionic twins, your healthcare provider will monitor your pregnancy closely.
Monochorionic diamniotic (Mo-Di) twins are twins that share a placenta and therefore a blood supply. They occur in 3–4 per 1,000 pregnancies. They are not the type of twins that run in families. The only known risk factor is in vitro fertilization (IVF). About 4% of IVF pregnancies will have monochorionic twinning.
"Twins married to twins who both have babies at the same time." Since identical twins share the same DNA, the children of two pairs of identical twins are legally cousins, but genetically more similar to siblings.