Overview. Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a disease that affects the spinal cord in dogs, causing progressive muscle weakness and loss of coordination. It acts similarly to Lou Gehrig's disease, or ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), in humans.
Arthritis, as we know, is a disease of the joints, and it's very, very painful. Whereas degenerative myelopathy is actually a degeneration of the spinal cord. So it's a neurological disease and it's not actually painful.
Arthritis in dogs and Degenerative Myelopathy are two very different canine mobility disorders. Although the two conditions are vastly different, the early signs can be similar.
As horrible as all of this sounds, degenerative myelopathy is not painful That being said, dogs that suffer from degenerative myelopathy may become sore from overuse of other areas of their body while trying to compensate for their hind end weakness.
Yes, dogs with Degenerative Myelopathy should stay as active as possible. Keeping a DM dog active can actually help slow down the progression of the disease. Physical therapy and regular structured exercises, including walking, can help dogs with DM maintain muscle strength and minimize their risk of muscle atrophy.
Peripheral nerve disease, Lumbral Sacral Stenosis, IVDD, "Discospondylitis, Spondylosis, Tick Diseases, Thyroid Problems, Cushings Disease, Wobblers, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Polymyositis, Granulomatous Meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) and spinal tumors are just a few diseases that can initially present similarly to DM.
Often, dogs are humanely euthanized within six to twelve months after the onset of clinical signs, due to the debilitating loss of mobility caused by this disease. Without euthanasia, DM can progress for more than three years and lead to an inability to walk or even breathe normally.
A genetic mutation, SOD-1, has been identified as a major risk factor for DM. DM is considered a disease of middle-aged to older dogs including German Shepherds, German Shepherd crosses, Siberian Huskies, and Collies.
The average lifespan of degenerative myelopathy is around two years. It will be challenging for your dog to walk or even stand within a few months of diagnosis. Unfortunately, degenerative myelopathy carries a grave prognosis and the focus should be on providing supportive care and maintaining their quality of life.
Treatment for Degenerative Myelopathy in Dogs
Veterinarians may be able to treat some related symptoms to relieve discomfort, but a healthy diet and plenty of exercise, including walking and swimming, are the main ways to keep dogs with the condition as mobile as possible.
How Quickly Does Degenerative Myelopathy Progress? Unfortunately, DM tends to progress very quickly. Most dogs that have been diagnosed with degenerative myelopathy will become paraplegic within six months to a year.
How long do dogs live with Degenerative Myelopathy? Dogs generally live with DM for anywhere between six months and three years. Rehab therapy and regular exercise can help improve the quality of life for dogs with DM. Unfortunately, Degenerative Myelopathy has no cure at the moment.
Limping/ Lameness
Depending on the joints that are affected, you may see your pet limping or favoring one or more legs over the others. If the spine is affected, your pet may even experience lameness in one or both hind legs.
If you have an older dog who has started to slow down on walks and has difficulty getting up and down the stairs, your dog may be suffering from arthritis. This disease, most commonly seen in older dogs, can affect the legs, hips, back, and more—making everyday movements painful.
Degenerative Myelopathy in dogs can progress quickly, especially when it reaches its final stages. Signs of late-stage DM appear to happen overnight or within a few days.
STAGE 4 – LMN tetraplegia and brain stem signs (~ over 36 months) – At the end of the disease, the degeneration can progress to involve neck, brain stem, and brain. Patients will not be able to move all four limbs, have trouble breathing, and have difficulty with swallowing and tongue movement.
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Late Stage
The clinical signs of late-stage disease include: Complete paralysis of the hind limbs and loss of all motor function. Loss of all sensory and deep-pain reflexes. Hyporeflexia of the myotatic and withdrawal reflexes.
Fecal and urinary incontinence inevitably follow. The rear legs become so weak that your dog will need help getting up. She'll have trouble holding a position to pee or poop. (Dogs with degenerative myelopathy often walk and poop.)
Degenerative Myelopathy is a neurodegenerative disease in dogs. Neurodegenerative means a progressive and often irreversible deterioration and loss of function of the nervous system, especially the neurons in the brain.
What causes degenerative myelopathy? Degenerative myelopathy is associated with a genetic abnormality in dogs. The most common form is due to a genetic mutation in a gene coding for superoxide dismutase, a protein responsible for destroying free radicals in the body.
Diagnosis of Myelopathy
Diagnostic tests your doctor may include are: A spine X-ray to rule out other causes of back or neck pain. Spine MRI or spine CT, to show areas of pressure on the spinal canal. Myelography, to determine location and presence of abnormalities of the spinal cord.
Radiographs (X-rays) are usually the first line of diagnostic tests performed in determining if a dog has DM. X-rays these are excellent for ruling out hip dysplasia or other degenerative joint disease in the hind-limb joints and spine.