The tail female line is that bottom line on a bracket pedigree. It starts with the horse's dam and flows along that bottom line ending with the taproot mare, which is the foundation of that tail female line.
The reason the tail-female line is important comes from how we all inherit our mitochondria DNA in the next generation. The mitochondria are inside the cell, but outside the cell nucleus. The mitochondrial DNA is passed directly from the mother to her offspring.
TAIL FEMALE LINE The 'bottom line' of a tabulated pedigree – ie the dam, second dam, third dam, fourth dam etc. TAIL MALE LINE The 'top line' of a tabulated pedigree – ie the sire, grandsire, great-grandsire etc.
The tail of the horse and other equines consists of two parts, the dock and the skirt. The dock consists of the muscles and skin covering the coccygeal vertebrae. The term "skirt" refers to the long hairs that fall below the dock.
Inbreeding is the mating of horses that are more closely related than the average of the population. This includes the mating of brothers and sisters. Linebreeding is a less intense form of inbreeding that is designed to keep a higher relationship or number of genes in the pedigree of the individual someone linebreeds.
Some horse breeders have been known to deliberately breed full siblings and/or a stallion to his daughters or his dam as a means of progeny testing in order to manage their breeding selections in the future.
Horses produce only one foal from an eleven-month gestation period, making the maintenance of high reproductive rates essential. Genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding can increase the frequency of deleterious variants, resulting in reduced reproductive levels in a population.
Docking. Docking traditionally has been performed to prevent the tail of the horse from interfering with harness and carriage equipment. Specifically, if a rein passes under the horse's tail the horse may clamp its tail down and cause the driver to lose control of the horse.
"While cutting the tail hair doesn't physically hurt the horse, it takes years for the tails to grow back.
If you wrap and braid your beloved mare's tail too tightly, you risk cutting off her circulation. Results of poor blood circulation can include a multitude of health risks, including a decrease in body temperature and a weaker ability to fight infection.
In three line system of hybrid rice variety development system, three lines, A, B and R are required. A line is the cytoplasm-genetic male sterile line where the male sterility is jointly controlled by recessive nuclear gene and sterile cytoplasm.
If line-bred dogs inherited only their parents' best features there would be no problem but, alas, they get the bad ones, too. This greatly increases the chances of genetic defects and hereditary diseases being passed on to successive generations.
A significant advantage of linebreeding over ordinary inbreeding is that, while it also increases homozygosity and prepotency, "the homozygosis produced by linebreeding is more apt to be for desired traits than is the case with undirected inbreeding.
Linebreeding is where breeders frequently choose to mate parents who have a common ancestor, but who are not as closely related as in close inbreeding (e.g., not first-degree and second-degree relatives) [4]. The aim is generally to improve or maintain specific traits within the breed [4].
A mare is an adult female horse or other equine. In most cases, a mare is a female horse over the age of three, and a filly is a female horse three and younger.
Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) is an herbal remedy that dates back to ancient Roman and Greek times. It was used traditionally to stop bleeding, heal ulcers and wounds, and treat tuberculosis and kidney problems. The name Equisetum is derived from the Latin roots equus, meaning "horse," and seta, meaning "bristle."
Some horses actually enjoy the experience of tail pulling, but if yours is a fidget, a haynet will help to distract him and keep him busy as you work. Before pulling, make sure you have combed through the tail so that there are no knots which would make it painful for the horse.
The American Association of Equine Practitioners condemns the alteration of the tail of the horse for cosmetic or competitive purposes. This includes, but is not limited to, docking, nicking (i.e., cutting) and blocking.
“Untrimmed or poorly trimmed feet are prone to flaring, chipping, and hoof defects,” Maki said. “These all reduce the effectiveness of the hoof in bearing the weight of the horse.” Farriers also work to provide horses with shoes for protection, traction, comfort, or other special needs.
Foals love to chew anything in their path. But older horses might be chowing down on tails, too, and that could mean a few different things, including nutrition problems or plain old boredom. Nutrition Imbalances: A lack of forage is the most common reason cited for tail-chewing.
A raised tail is often a sign of high excitement or just feeling great. Young horses, or horses with excess energy, galloping freely in a field often hoist their tails high to show their exuberance.
This behavior is a way horses naturally groom each other. When your horse tries rubbing its head on your body, it may be attempting to “groom” you as a show of affection. Even though some horses rub their head on humans as a way to show affection, it's a behavior that should be discouraged due to the risk of injury.
In horses, only one breed, the Clydesdale, has an average level of inbreeding exceeding 25% (top, red line), whereas in comparision, about 75% of dog breeds were greater than 25%.
Although thoroughbred horses are a result of inbreeding, they are not actually very purebred at all. Genetically, they are reasonably different and therefore do not breed true. Heavily inbred animals are more likely to inherit negative genetic characteristics from their parents.
Studies have confirmed an increase in several genetic disorders due to inbreeding such as blindness, hearing loss, neonatal diabetes, limb malformations, disorders of sex development, schizophrenia and several others.