Low serotonin can feel like persistent sadness, anxiety, irritability, and a loss of interest in enjoyable activities, often accompanied by sleep problems (insomnia), fatigue, cravings, digestive issues, and difficulty concentrating, impacting overall mood and well-being. It's linked to depression, anxiety, and OCD, affecting emotional stability, sleep, appetite, and cognitive function.
Causes of Serotonin Deficiency
Environmental factors: Stress, trauma, poor diet, lack of sunlight exposure, and certain medications can disrupt serotonin levels.
There are ways to naturally increase serotonin levels in your body, through lifestyle measures such as by:
Low serotonin can lead to mood problems like depression and anxiety, digestive symptoms like stomach aches and nausea, and physical symptoms like headache and fatigue. Although low serotonin doesn't "cause" depression, it is a common feature of depression and other psychiatric and mood disorders.
A meta-analysis of 84 trials13 found that, overall, 16% of patients taking SSRIs experienced diarrhea.
A rare side effect of some SSRI antidepressants is bleeding inside your gastrointestinal system, which includes your stomach and intestines. The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding is higher for older people, especially those aged over 80.
Here is a list of foods that contain mood-boosting serotonin and dopamine:
Low serotonin symptoms often involve mood issues like depression and anxiety, sleep problems (insomnia), digestive troubles (constipation, appetite changes, carb cravings), and cognitive issues such as poor memory or focus, along with irritability and fatigue. These symptoms can also manifest as obsessive-compulsive behaviors, increased worry, difficulty managing emotions, and a general sense of unease or low well-being.
Take Serotonin-Boosting Nutritional Supplements
5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), curcumin, St. John's Wort, magnesium, and B vitamins have all been associated with increased serotonin levels in studies.
Symptoms of low serotonin may include mood changes, feelings of depression or anxiety, and difficulty with functions such as sleep and memory. Physical signs may include gastrointestinal symptoms or movement issues. Serotonin is an essential hormone and neurotransmitter.
Drinks like green tea and probiotics help to boost serotonin. Other foods containing Vitamin D are also good because Vitamin D activates tryptophan, which leads to increases in serotonin levels. Good sources of Vitamin D foods include cod liver oil, fortified orange juice, and many types of yogurt.
Serum serotonin levels exhibit diurnal variations, with a peak early in the morning and a trough in the midafternoon and during sleep (Wirz-Justice et al., 1977;Kwon et al., 2018).
When the levels of serotonin are insufficient in the gut, you will likely experience both physical and mental symptoms. Physically, you may have diarrhea or constipation, bloating, or cramping. Mentally, you may experience sleeping problems and symptoms associated with depression and anxiety.
Recently, it has been proposed that vitamin D plays an important role in serotonin and melatonin regulation, which further indicates the relevance of vitamin D in mental health, especially the regulation of mood and sleep [4,6].
Understanding Depression
It's also possible to increase serotonin levels without taking medicine. One natural way to increase serotonin is by working out. When you pedal your bicycle or lift weights, your body releases more tryptophan, the amino acid your brain uses to make serotonin.
Serotonin is a chemical that the body produces naturally. It's needed for the nerve cells and brain to function. But too much serotonin causes signs and symptoms that can range from mild (shivering and diarrhea) to severe (muscle rigidity, fever and seizures).
Magnesium plays a key role in many metabolic processes in the human body, including the neuronal processes in our neural pathways. Magnesium is required for serotonin production. The "happy hormone" improves our mood and promotes mental resilience and emotional stability.
About 90% of serotonin is found in the cells lining your gastrointestinal tract. It's released into your blood circulation and absorbed by platelets. Only about 10% is produced in your brain. Serotonin is made from the essential amino acid tryptophan.
Most studies indicated that serum serotonin concentrations did not significantly change (p > 0.0. 5) in the vitamin D group compared to the placebo group 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 but in one trial, serum serotonin levels were significantly increased in vitamin D‐treated patients compared to the untreated.
Serotonin affects the way the muscles behave, so low serotonin may cause chronic pain. Low serotonin is strongly correlated with fibromyalgia, a type of widespread chronic pain. People with fibromyalgia may even get relief from antidepressants that raise serotonin levels.
Lorazepam belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines which act on GABA receptors in your brain. By enhancing activity at these receptors it exerts a calming effect reducing feelings of panic or anxiety without directly affecting serotonin levels like Zoloft does.
Dark Chocolate Hot Cocoa. Dark chocolate has been touted for many health benefits—and a cup of hot cocoa made with it can help you feel better. "Cocoa contains flavonoids, which improve blood flow to the brain and enhance cognitive function," Susie says. "It also boosts serotonin levels, contributing to a better mood."
Better Mental Health
People with low levels may experience memory problems, difficulty concentrating or mood swings. B12 injections can increase serotonin and dopamine, alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety while increasing happiness and relaxation.