As of 2020, China's total government debt stands at approximately ¥ RMB 46 trillion (US$ 7.0 trillion), equivalent to about 45% of GDP.
estimates China's total government debt is about $23 trillion, a figure that includes the hidden borrowing of thousands of financing companies set up by provinces and cities.
China is currently the second-largest holder of US government debt, behind Japan. According to data from the US Treasury, China held US$869.3 billion worth of such debt in March, up from US$848.8 billion in February.
At the end of 2021, of the 98 countries for whom data was available, Pakistan ($27.4 billion of external debt to China), Angola (22.0 billion), Ethiopia (7.4 billion), Kenya (7.4 billion) and Sri Lanka (7.2 billion) held the biggest debts to China.
An Associated Press analysis of a dozen countries most indebted to China — including Pakistan, Kenya, Zambia, Laos and Mongolia — found paying back that debt is consuming an ever-greater amount of the tax revenue needed to keep schools open, provide electricity and pay for food and fuel.
Australia also partners with the World Bank Group on specific development programs which support Australia's development policy priorities. Over the last five years, Australia's annual average contributions to the WBG (core and non-core) has been around USD400 million.
China's debt overhang far exceeds the burdens facing the United States. As recently as 2020, total debt in the United States relative to GDP exceeded China's. But as of mid-2022, China's relative debt burden stood 40 percent higher than America's.
U.S. debt to China comes in the form of U.S. Treasuries, largely due to their safety and stability. Although there are worries about China selling off U.S. debt, which would hamper economic growth, doing so in large amounts poses risks for China as well, making it unlikely to happen.
Norway is the country with the highest level of household debt based on OECD data followed by Denmark and the Netherlands.
With $1.1 trillion in Treasury holdings, Japan is the largest foreign holder of U.S. debt. Japan surpassed China as the top holder in 2019 as China shed over $250 billion, or 30% of its holdings in four years. This bond offloading by China is the one way the country can manage the yuan's exchange rate.
Australia Total Debt accounted for 264.0 % of the country's GDP in 2022, compared with the ratio of 270.3 % in the previous quarter.
The national debt of Russia was forecast to increase between 2023 and 2028 by in total 36.3 billion U.S. dollars (+7.71 percent). This overall increase does not happen continuously, notably not in 2027 and 2028. The national debt is estimated to amount to 507.15 billion U.S. dollars in 2028.
China has little overseas debt, and a high national savings rate. In addition, most of the debt is state owned – state-controlled banks loaned funds to state-controlled firms – giving the government the ability to manage the situation.
Analysts estimate China's outstanding government debts surpassed 123 trillion yuan ($18 trillion) last year, of which nearly $10 trillion is so-called “hidden debt” owed by risky local government financing platforms.
Investors in Japan and China hold significant shares of U.S. public debt. Together, as of September 2022, they accounted for nearly $2 trillion, or about 8 percent of DHBP.
A sovereign default happens when a country's government fails to pay its debt obligations. A sovereign default can have serious economic consequences for the borrowing nation, making it harder and more expensive to borrow money in the future and pay its ongoing obligations.
The United States has the world's highest national debt with $30.1 trillion owed to creditors as of the first quarter of 2023.
The best example can be taken from Hong Kong (it is a one of the debt free countries), whose economy has the least debt to GDP ratio. It is an almost debt free country. It has a well-regulated financial system and large foreign reserves.
If the China bloc disposes of net foreign assets amounting to more than 20% of GDP by offloading US bloc bonds over 10 years, the IMF finds that the China bloc's domestic interest rates would fall by four basis points.
Yes, when China sells U.S. Treasuries in bond markets, that pushes the prices of bonds down generally. And cheaper prices for bonds means higher bond “yields,” or interest rates. So China's sales do piggyback onto similar sales by the Federal Reserve to implement its policy of raising short-term interest rates.
How much does Russia owe? About $40 billion US in foreign bonds, about half of that to foreigners.
Japan and China have been the largest foreign holders of US debt for the last two decades. Japan and China held almost 50% of all foreign-owned US debt between 2004 and 2006. However, this has declined over time, and as of 2022 they controlled approximately 25% of foreign-owned debt.
Still, China's economic headwinds could lead to major impacts. Any slowdown in the Chinese economy will create new price pressures in the U.S. if its export prices rise — and hurt the demand for U.S. products.
1,411,750,000 (31 December 2022 est.) $19.373 trillion (nominal; 2023 est.)