Chest Compressions The compression-ventilation ratio for 1- and 2-rescuer CPR is 15 compressions to 2 ventilations when the victim's airway is unprotected (not intubated) (Class IIb).
If unconscious and no breathing but there is a pulse, continue giving ventilations. If unconscious and no breathing or pulse, begin CPR. If the chest does not clearly rise, provide care for an unconscious choking victim.
Two-person CPR for the adult victim will be 30 compressions to 2 breaths. Two-person CPR ratio for the child and infant will be 15 compressions to 2 breaths.
For an adult, a child or an infant, give 2 ventilations after you check for breathing and a pulse.
The seven steps of CPR are as follows: check for Danger, call for Help, check the Victim's Airway, give Two Rescue Breaths, perform Chest Compressions, switch Roles with the Compressor (if available), and continue Compressions until Advanced Medical help arrives.
Start 30 chest compressions with a rate of 100-120 compressions every minute (two per second) – then two rescue breaths OR if you are not prepared to perform rescue breaths , just do chest compressionsonly CPR at a rate of 100-120 compressions until the emergency services arrive.
Give ventilations (1 every 5–6 seconds for adult; 1 every 3–5 seconds for child or baby). Stop ventilations and check ABCs every 2 minutes or if there is any change in patient's condition. Measure distance of insertion (earlobe to corner of mouth).
If the person does not have a pulse, begin CPR if you are trained to do so. If you are alone, not trained in CPR, and a phone is nearby, call 911.
If there is no pulse, continue performing 30 compressions/2 breaths, checking for pulse after every 4 cycles until help arrives. Airway: tilt the head back and lift the neck to clear the airway.
CPR with rescue breaths
After every 30 chest compressions, give 2 rescue breaths. Tilt the person's head gently and lift the chin up with 2 fingers. Pinch the person's nose.
If they do have a pulse but aren't breathing, give them CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) until help arrives. CPR chest compressions are important because they provide oxygenated blood flow to all parts of the body and keep organs alive until medical personnel arrive on scene.
Giving CPR
Continue giving sets of 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths. Use an AED as soon as one is available! Minimize interruptions to chest compressions to less than 10 seconds.
Volume-controlled is the preferred mode of initial ventilation because it allows the calculation and administration of adequate minute ventilation; RR, respiratory rate, VT, tidal volume. So, let's test that out. Let's use the same patient with the same minute ventilation requirement of 8.4 liters per minute.
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)
Research has shown that doing chest compressions without rescue breaths can effectively circulate the remaining oxygen for the first few minutes.
Contrary as it may seem, a person who is gasping is not OK – they need chest compressions. Bystanderinitiated CPR has been shown to be a cardiac arrest victim's only chance of survival until an automated external defibrillator (AED) or the paramedics get to the scene.
Our science guidelines state that checking for a pulse is often inaccurate and delays the start of vital chest compressions in lay populations. Therefore, it is not recommended for those that are not healthcare professionals to take the time to check for a pulse.
Every 2 minutes of CPR, check for a pulse. Attach an AED as soon as it becomes available; it is best to wait for the natural pause between cycles of CPR while breaths are being delivered.
In the adult patient, artificial ventilatory rates greater than 12 times per minute (one ventilation every 5-6 seconds) decrease cardiac output and perfusion; therefore if you are artificially ventilating a patient, do not exceed a ventilatory rate of 10-12 times per minute (one ventilation every 5-6 seconds).
Each rescue breath should be given over 1 second with enough volume to make the patient's chest rise, but rapid or forceful breaths should be avoided. The time taken to give 2 breaths should not exceed 5 seconds to allow a sufficient number of chest compressions to be delivered.
Give 1 ventilation every 5–6 seconds (1 every 3–5 seconds for a child or baby).
The PedFACTs course also covers the “4Cs of Pediatric First Aid” help focus providers on the steps they need to take to safely manage emergencies: Check, Call, Care, and Complete.
Training your brain before you find yourself in a high-pressure situation may help you save a life or potentially help someone in pain. There are three basic C's to remember—check, call, and care. When it comes to first aid, there are three P's to remember—preserve life, prevent deterioration, and promote recovery.
The current Australian Resuscitation Council guidelines for CPR is 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths. If a responder is not willing or able to perform rescue breaths, chest compressions only or hands-only CPR should still be performed.