People get bed bugs primarily by unknowingly transporting them as "hitchhikers" on personal belongings like luggage, purses, or clothes from infested places (hotels, used furniture, public transport) or through shared walls in multi-unit buildings, as these pests seek blood meals from humans and are attracted to places with high human traffic, not dirt.
Bed bugs often latch onto luggage, backpacks, purses, or clothing. Used furniture and mattresses are another common source. Even brief exposure to an infested area can result in bed bugs hitching a ride on your belongings. Once introduced into a home, they quickly spread to mattresses, furniture, and cracks in walls.
They hide in cracks and crevices in beds, wooden furniture, floors, and walls during the day and come out at night to feed on sleeping hosts. Bed bugs are not caused by poor hygiene or bad housekeeping. Bed bugs are not known to spread disease. Adult bed bugs are around 4-7 mm long, about the size of a lady bug.
Bed bugs are primarily attracted to scents associated with carbon dioxide, body heat, and the scent of human skin. They locate their hosts by detecting the carbon dioxide exhaled during respiration, body heat, and certain chemical compounds found on human skin, such as sweat and pheromones.
If you're suddenly experiencing signs of a bed bug infestation in your home for the first time, they likely snuck their way in as a stowaway on a purse, luggage, or clothing. Secondhand furniture, particularly mattresses, box springs, couches, and chairs, may be harboring hungry bed bugs.
High heat (steam, hot dryer) and some contact sprays like rubbing alcohol or specific low-toxicity sprays kill bed bugs and their eggs instantly, but complete eradication requires persistent treatment like vacuuming, sealing cracks, using diatomaceous earth (DE), and washing items at high temperatures. While chemicals work, heat is highly effective, killing bugs in all life stages on contact, especially when temperatures reach 60°C (140°F) or higher, according to health.vic.gov.au and myhealth1st.com.au.
Early signs of bed bugs include itchy bites in lines or clusters, rusty or dark spots on bedding (fecal stains), tiny pale eggs or shed skins in mattress seams, and a sweet, musty odor; you need to inspect mattress seams, bed frames, and furniture for these physical clues, as bites alone aren't always definitive.
Bed bugs dislike strong scents like lavender, peppermint, tea tree oil, and eucalyptus. These natural aromas can deter bed bugs by creating an environment they find unpleasant, though they're not guaranteed to eliminate an infestation. Using essential oil sprays or sachets can help as a preventive measure.
Do not squish a bed bug as it will release the blood and any pathogens it may be carrying. Resist the urge to scratch the bites. your agency's policy in regards to whether a doctor's order is required.)
Contrary to popular belief, bed bugs do not actually live in hair—though they may bite at your scalp. They prefer to live in dark, secluded spaces, such as behind your bed, between furniture and walls, or within cracks on your floorboard.
Many people cannot feel bed bugs crawling due to their quiet, swift movement and small size. Skin sensitivity varies; some individuals might notice a slight tickling or itching, while others may feel nothing. Bed bugs are nocturnal, often hiding during the day, making detection by crawling sensation less likely.
Quick answer: Yes — it is possible to get rid of bed bugs permanently, but only with the right professional treatment. Chemical sprays often fail because bed bugs hide deep in cracks and have developed resistance, while their eggs survive most pesticides.
It's better to be safe than sorry and restrict any visitors until you know whether or not you have bed bugs. Having the conversation with family or friends can be an awkward topic, but it will be important to discuss it if you really want to get rid of the problem for good.
Bed bugs can enter a home without traveling by attaching to secondhand items, clothing, or furniture brought inside. Guests, neighbors, or moving belongings can unknowingly carry them. Bed bugs also spread through shared walls, vents, or during transportation in vehicles and luggage.
The adults can easily be seen with the naked eye. Adult bed bugs are reddish brown in color, wingless, and are about the size of an apple seed. Immature bed bugs (there are 5 immature or nymphal instar stages) can also be seen with the naked eye but they are smaller than adults, and translucent whitish-yellow in color.
Bed bugs do not go away on their own. They rely on human blood and hide in tight spaces, making natural elimination impossible. Without treatment, infestations usually get worse over time. They can't escape or leave by themselves, and their populations grow quickly.
You can use your washing machine and dryer to kill bed bugs infesting clothes and other washable items. Clothes laundered in hot water and/or dried in temperatures hotter than 122°F for 20 minutes will kill all stages of bed bugs. This is typically the medium-high setting.
Inspect Pillow Seams and Crevices
Bed bugs love to reside in tight, dark spaces. This makes pillowcase seams and crevices inviting hideouts.
Because bed bugs are attracted to warmth where they're most likely to find their food source, using various methods to heat the suspected infected areas could be helpful. Try heating your bed (or any infected area) with a steamer, blow dryer, or heater to bring bugs out of hiding.
Cockroaches: Certain cockroach species like the American Cockroaches are known to scavenge on bed bugs. Mites: Predatory mites like Androlaelaps Schaeferi also target bed bugs and their eggs and nymphs.
How can I prevent bed bug bites?
Biting zones
They don't usually walk on the body, but bite from sheets or mattresses. The areas accessible to bedbugs, and where most bites can be found, are mainly the back of the arms, the hips, the back of the legs, the lower back…
Their flat shape enables them to readily hide in cracks and crevices. Bed bugs cannot fly. Bed bugs hide during the day in dark, protected sites. They seem to prefer fabric, wood, and paper surfaces.
On people with light skin tones, the bites usually look red. On darker skin, they may be purple. It can be harder to see them on dark skin. Bedbug bites may look different on everyone, as some people may have no reaction, while others may be allergic and have a severe reaction.