Night terrors and nightmares are different: nightmares are bad dreams you wake from, remember, and feel scared by, occurring in lighter REM sleep later in the night, while night terrors are dramatic episodes of screaming and thrashing where you're partially awake but not fully conscious, often with no memory of it, happening in deep sleep earlier in the night. Night terrors are common in young children, while nightmares affect all ages; you can console someone from a nightmare, but they are often inconsolable during a terror.
The following are common characteristics of a night terror:
What causes night terrors? They're common in children and can be due to brain immaturity and not necessarily a sign of a medical problem. But if they persist, you should see a medical professional for an evaluation. In adults, night terrors can be caused by stress, depression, anxiety, sleep apnea, pain and alcohol.
The three types of nightmares are idiopathic, recurrent, and post-traumatic. Idiopathic Nightmares – are dream sequences that are not the result of trauma but often happen when a person is very stressed.
However, you shouldn't wake someone who is having a night terror, as it can disorient them, prolong the night terror, and can even be dangerous for both parties. In their state of half sleep, they may view the person waking them as a threat and try to defend themselves, and that's when someone can get hurt.
Developmental, environmental, organic, psychological, and genetic factors have been identified as a potential cause of sleep terrors. Sleep terrors tend to occur within the first three hours of the major sleep episode, during arousal from stage three or four non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
Compared to idiopathic nightmares, post-traumatic nightmares tend to be frequent, recurrent, involve mental images related to a traumatic memory, are emotionally intense and are more perceptually vivid (Phelps et al., 2011).
Depression and other mental health disorders may be linked to nightmares. Nightmares can happen along with some medical conditions, such as heart disease or cancer. Having other sleep disorders that interfere with adequate sleep can be associated with having nightmares.
We'll explore 10 common dreams many people have and dissect their possible meanings.
You should never ignore dreams that signal feeling overwhelmed (falling, drowning, being lost), a lack of control (car troubles), missed chances (missing transport), or recurring negative patterns (back to old schools/homes), as these often point to real-life anxiety, stagnation, or unresolved issues you need to address, with some spiritual interpretations also flagging attacks or spiritual pollution like eating food in dreams. Paying attention to vivid, recurring, or disturbing dreams can offer profound insights into your subconscious and guide you toward necessary changes for personal growth and clarity.
Sleep terrors may happen in children between the ages of 1 and 12 years. They happen much less often in adults. Although sleep terrors can be frightening to those around the person with sleep terrors, they aren't usually a cause for concern. Most children outgrow sleep terrors by their teenage years.
Night terrors occur in deep sleep or NREM stage three. During night terrors, the front part of your brain that controls executive functioning and memory is asleep while the back part that controls motor movement is awake. This is similar to sleepwalking.
Hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations can be mistaken for, or misdiagnosed as, panic attacks, nightmares, or night terrors in children. More severe events can even be confused with psychotic disorders.
A number of children have night terrors from a chemical or preservative in their food or environment – the most common one is MSG (number 621). Address deficiencies if present – nutrients that enable appropriate brain chemistry and neurotransmitter release include vitamin B6, Magnesium and Zinc.
Cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis or relaxation therapy may help. Anticipatory awakening. This involves waking the person who has sleep terrors about 15 minutes before the person usually has the event. Then the person stays awake for a few minutes before falling asleep again.
Night terrors happen during NREM sleep stages, while nightmares generally happen during REM sleep. Because of this difference, night terrors are most common in the first third of the night, and nightmares are most common in the second half of the night as the duration of REM periods lengthen.
The rarest type of dream is often considered to be the lucid dream, where you are aware you're dreaming and can sometimes control the dream's narrative, with only a small percentage of people experiencing them regularly, though many have had one spontaneously. Even rarer are dreams with specific, unusual content, like dreaming of doing math, or experiencing rare neurological conditions like Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome, where people lose the ability to visualize dreams.
To know if a dream is a divine warning, look for intense emotions (conviction, dread), recurring themes (being chased, falling), specific instructions (hear God's voice), or signs that echo in your waking life (events mirroring the dream), prompting prayer and reflection rather than fear, as God often uses vivid imagery to call for repentance or course correction, often confirming it through other spiritual prompts like scripture or sermons.
Nightmares about falling were followed closely by dreams about being chased (more than 63 percent). Other distressing nightmares included death (roughly 55 percent), feeling lost (almost 54 percent), feeling trapped (52 percent), and being attacked (nearly 50 percent).
Causes of night terrors and nightmares
being very tired or unwell. sudden noises at night or needing to pee during the night (which can affect your deep sleep) something that's frightened you (such as watching a scary film) or made you stressed, anxious or worried.
Nightmares are a risk factor for later PTSD and suicide. PTSD treatment leads to large reductions in trauma-related nightmares. Treating nightmares in a clinical sample with depression requires testing.
Indeed, studies suggest that nightmares are often linked to unmet psychological needs and/or frustration with life experiences. Yet those links aren't always easy to make—except in cases of trauma (discussed below), our nightmares tend to reflect our troubles through metaphor rather than literal representation.
The 5 core signs of PTSD fall into categories: Re-experiencing (flashbacks, nightmares), Avoidance (staying away from reminders), Negative Changes in Mood & Cognition (guilt, detachment, loss of interest), Changes in Arousal & Reactivity (hypervigilance, easily startled, irritability), and sometimes Physical Symptoms like chronic pain or headaches, all stemming from a trauma, though the exact symptoms vary.
Can Nightmares Cause Trauma? Typically, it's trauma that causes nightmares, not the other way around. It is worth noting, though, that while nightmares may not lead to trauma, there's plenty of evidence to suggest that they're not without consequence.
Arousal and reactivity symptoms