He lists 36 organ tissues in the body whose cells respond biologically to vitamin D. The list includes bone marrow, breast, colon, intestine, kidney, lung, prostate, retina, skin, stomach and the uterus. According to Norman,
The symptoms of vitamin D intoxication are largely those of hypercalcemia. While hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, stellate cells and resident immune cells in the liver have vitamin D receptors, there is no evidence that vitamin D causes injury to the liver.
The main consequence of vitamin D toxicity is a buildup of calcium in your blood (hypercalcemia), which can cause nausea and vomiting, weakness, and frequent urination. Vitamin D toxicity might progress to bone pain and kidney problems, such as the formation of calcium stones.
Both forms are well absorbed in the small intestine. Absorption occurs by simple passive diffusion and by a mechanism that involves intestinal membrane carrier proteins [4]. The concurrent presence of fat in the gut enhances vitamin D absorption, but some vitamin D is absorbed even without dietary fat.
Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble vitamin, which means it is stored in your body fat and your liver. However, storage is not the only association vitamin D3 has with your liver, it also requires your liver to help your body synthesize it.
The correct answer is a.
Activated vitamin D influences the target organs, namely the intestine, bone, and kidney.
Yes, getting too much vitamin D can be harmful. Very high levels of vitamin D in your blood (greater than 375 nmol/L or 150 ng/mL) can cause nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, confusion, pain, loss of appetite, dehydration, excessive urination and thirst, and kidney stones.
Which vitamins do I need to avoid if I have kidney disease? You may need to avoid some vitamins and minerals if you have kidney disease. Some of these include vitamins A, E and K. These vitamins are more likely to build up in your body and can cause harm if you have too much.
Caution is advised if you have diabetes, liver disease, phenylketonuria (PKU), or any other condition that requires you to limit/avoid these substances in your diet. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using this product safely.
Too much vitamin D can be toxic. The recommended maximum intake is 25 mcg (1,000 IU) for infants and 50 mcg (2,000 IU) for children and adults with normal kidney function.
1. Vitamin D. The kidneys are responsible for converting vitamin D into active metabolites and are essential for absorbing calcium and phosphorus. Those suffering from chronic kidney disease may have low vitamin D levels primarily because damaged kidneys have difficulty converting vitamin D into its active form.
For your kidneys to stay in the best condition possible, certain vitamins are essential. These vitamins are vitamin A, D, E, K, C, niacin, folic acid, B-complex vitamins, B5, and biotin. People with chronic kidney disorders can also take these vitamins to improve their health.
In summary, long-term supplementation with vitamin D3 in doses ranging from 5000 to 50,000 IUs/day appears to be safe.
May lead to digestive issues
Increased levels of vitamin D and calcium in the body can contribute to several digestive issues like stomach pain, constipation and diarrhea. These can be the signs of other health issues as well, therefore it is important to inform your doctor if you are taking any supplements.
Unless your doctor recommends it, avoid taking more than 4,000 IU per day, which is considered the safe upper limit.
How long to take it for. For adults, if you're taking a loading dose for severe vitamin D deficiency you'll usually take it daily or weekly for 6 to 10 weeks. To maintain your vitamin D levels or prevent deficiency you'll usually take colecalciferol long term.
Two forms of vitamin D are available in supplements: vitamin D3 and vitamin D2. Both can help correct vitamin D deficiency, but most doctors recommend D3 because it is slightly more active and therefore slightly more effective.
While vitamin D itself is unlikely to be causing your anxiety, that doesn't mean it can't, and the activities that you do to help increase vitamin D are valuable for your anxiety anyway.
The liver and kidneys convert vitamin D (produced in the skin and taken up in the diet), into the active hormone, which is called calcitriol(1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D).
The vitamin D that is consumed in food or as a supplement is absorbed in the part of the small intestine immediately downstream from the stomach. Stomach juices, pancreatic secretions, bile from the liver, the integrity of the wall of the intestine — they all have some influence on how much of the vitamin is absorbed.
The kidneys convert vitamin D from supplements or the sun to the active form of vitamin D that is needed by the body. With chronic kidney disease, low vitamin D levels can be found, sometimes even severely low levels.