Braille (/breɪl/ BRAYL, French: [bʁɑj]) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are blind, deafblind or who have low vision.
2. Braille is not a language. It is a tactile code enabling blind and visually impaired people to read and write by touch, with various combinations of raised dots representing the alphabet, words, punctuation and numbers.
Blind people experience the world through their other senses, compensating for their lack of visual perception. They rely heavily on touch, hearing, smell, and taste to gather information about their surroundings.
Some of them think in ASL (American Sign Language), while others think in the vocal language they learned, with their brains coming up with how the vocal language sounds.
Emergencies and 911
People who are deaf, deafblind or hard of hearing may text 911 or call 911 using their preferred form of phone communication (including voice, TTY, video relay, caption relay, or real-time text). If you do text 911 in an emergency, be aware that 911 dispatchers will ask you if they can call you.
Some blind people see full visual scenes while they dream, like sighted people do. Others see some visual images but not robust scenes. Others yet do not have a visual component to their dreams at all, although some researchers debate the degree to which this is true.
The answer might surprise you! Most people associate blindness or visual impairment with total darkness. In truth, some 85 percent of people who are legally blind do have some remaining vision and perceive light.
If you're legally blind, you can still see -- just not that clearly. Normal vision is 20/20. That means you can clearly see an object 20 feet away. If you're legally blind, your vision is 20/200 or less in your better eye or your field of vision is less than 20 degrees.
The blind, Deaf and autistic communities prefer identity-first language. Some communities prefer the person-first language, such as people with intellectual disabilities and people with mental health diagnosis.
“Spontaneously produced facial expressions of emotion of both congenitally and non-congenitally blind individuals are the same as for sighted individuals in the same emotionally evocative situations.” said study author David Matsumoto, PhD, of San Francisco State University.
The second is called intuitive theory, which takes a series of previous actions and responses not personally experienced and infers how a person would react. The current findings suggest that both blind and sighted people rely on intuitive theories to reason about other people's mental states.
Definitions of legal blindness used in Australia
• Visual acuity on the Snellen scale after correction by suitable lenses must be less. than 6/60 in both eyes; or constriction to within 10 degrees of fixation in the. better eye irrespective of corrected visual acuity; or a combination of visual.
Visual acuity less than 20/200 is considered legally blind, but to actually fit the definition, the person must not be able to attain 20/200 vision even with prescription eyewear. Many people who would be legally blind without eyewear can function well in everyday life with appropriate glasses or contact lenses.
Science Behind Blind People's White Eyes
A cataract is an accumulation of protein on the eye's lens. When this happens, light cannot pass through, which causes partial vision loss. Cataracts are not rare. In fact, it is the leading cause of blindness in the world and doesn't just affect the older generation.
Oftentimes, people would ask him what does he miss the most after he lost his sight. His answer is surprising for the most; darkness is what he missed. Many people tries to experience “blindness” by closing their eyes.
Use of a blindfold is said to enhance the remaining senses of the wearer, focusing attention on sound, smells and physical contact. This increased awareness is said to allow for greater excitement and anticipation by eliminating visual cues, as one cannot see what to expect.
The researchers found that when early blind people get odors as memory cues, they get, just like sighted, the highest proportion of memories from early childhood. If, on the other hand, they get to listen to different environmental sounds, they get most of the memories from the age of 11–20, just like sighted people.
Therefore, even though a person who lost his vision may be currently blind, his brain is still able to draw on the visual memories and on the related brain circuits that were formed before he went blind. For this reason, he can dream in visual images.
They may wear sunglasses to protect against UV light, to shield their eyes from bright light, or for aesthetic purposes. Additional reasons blind people sometimes wear sunglasses include maximizing their vision, protecting against injuries, and communicating their blindness to others.
Things such as light and darkness help cue the body for sleep and wakefulness. Blind people also experience circadian rhythms. And most visually impaired people are able to sense light around them, despite not being able to see it directly. Furthermore, conscious and unconscious states are sensed by the entire body.
The brains of those who are born blind make new connections in the absence of visual information, resulting in enhanced, compensatory abilities such as a heightened sense of hearing, smell and touch, as well as cognitive functions (such as memory and language) according to a new study led by Massachusetts Eye and Ear ...
Though blind people lack the sensory experience of colour, they can nonetheless – thanks to language – form rich and accurate colour concepts, Caramazza notes.
6/60 means that a person six metres from the chart is seeing what a person with “normal vision” can see at 60 metres.