Abscess occurs most commonly in the frontal lobe but may occur in any location. Location is closely associated with source. Otogenic abscess occurs almost exclusively in the temporal lobe and cerebellum, while abscess associated with sinus infection is predominantly frontal.
Brain abscess is caused by intracranial inflammation with subsequent abscess formation. The most frequent intracranial locations (in descending order of frequency) are frontal-temporal, frontal-parietal, parietal, cerebellar, and occipital lobes.
The temporal lobe and cerebellum are the two locations for otogenic brain abscess [5].
A cerebral abscess is an infection in your brain. It is a medical emergency that requires treatment right away. Symptoms can include headache, fever, changes in consciousness, confusion, neck stiffness, vomiting, seizures, weakness, trouble moving, and changes in vision.
Most manifestations of brain abscess tend to be nonspecific, resulting in a delay in establishing the diagnosis. Most symptoms are a direct result of the size and location of the space-occupying lesion or lesions. The triad of fever, headache, and the focal neurologic deficit is observed in less than half of patients.
Between 1,500 and 2,500 cases occur each year in the United States. Brain abscesses are most likely to affect adult men aged under 30 years. Among children, they most commonly develop in those aged 4–7 years. Newborns are also at risk.
The most common route of transmission is through hematogenous spread. Others gain access to the CNS via direct spread from local infectious foci, after head trauma or neurosurgery, or during vaginal delivery from untreated GBS-colonized mothers.
Most abscesses are caused by an infection with staphylococcal bacteria. When bacteria enter the body, the immune system sends white blood cells to fight the infection. This causes swelling (inflammation) at the site of infection and the death of nearby tissue.
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis (CP) is a very rare but serious form of central nervous system fungal infection that is caused by dematiaceous fungi. It is commonly associated with poor prognosis irrespective of the immune status of the patient.
Brain abscess caused by ear infection is a rare disease but has a high mortality rate. If not treated promptly, it is likely to leave severe sequelae for the patient.
Brain abscess passes through 4 stages: early cerebritis, late cerebritis, early capsule, and late capsule. During early cerebritis, nonenhanced CT scans may demonstrate normal findings or may show only poorly marginated subcortical hypodense areas.
Symptoms and Signs of Brain Abscess
Classically, headache, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, personality changes, papilledema, and focal neurologic deficits develop over days to weeks; however, in some patients, these manifestations are subtle or absent until late in the clinical course.
It is generally believed that a transfer of infection from the sinuses, or mastoid, to the brain takes place through the blood vessels which enter the brain adjacent to the infected bone.
S. aureus has long been recognized as one of the most important bacteria that cause disease in humans. It is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections such as abscesses (boils), furuncles, and cellulitis. Although most staph infections are not serious, S.
Penicillin can be called the mother of antibiotics and that's why it is the best antibiotics for tooth infection as well. Dentists may describe you just the penicillin for your early dental abscess.
Bacterial infections usually cause abscesses. A bacteria called Staphylococcus causes most abscesses.
It usually occurs when bacteria or fungi enter the brain tissue after an infection or severe head injury.
Outlook (Prognosis)
If untreated, a brain abscess is almost always deadly. With treatment, the death rate is about 10% to 30%. The earlier treatment is received, the better. Some people may have long-term nervous system problems after a brain abscess or surgery.
A brain abscess can grow very quickly, typically becoming fully formed within about two weeks. Your doctor will begin treatment immediately after you are diagnosed. Prompt medical attention is the key to relieving your symptoms more quickly and minimizing damage to your long-term health.
Most common symptoms
Because these can be symptoms of many illnesses, a brain abscess can be hard to detect at first. In two-thirds of cases, people have symptoms for as long as two weeks before they are diagnosed.
For example, in the late stage of bacterial infection, the formation of brain abscess shows MRI manifestation as a typical rim-like enhancement, which is often similar to necrotic malignant tumors, especially glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (8).
CT scan gives fare idea about size of brain abscess. So we know the amount of pus that should be drained.
Typical appearances include: outer hypodense and inner hyperdense rim (double rim sign) in most cases. ring of iso- or hyperdense tissue, typically of uniform thickness. central low attenuation (fluid/pus)