Alpha particles have approximately four times the mass of a proton or neutron and approximately 8,000 times the mass of a beta particle. Because of the large mass of the alpha particle, it has the highest ionizing power and the greatest ability to damage tissue.
Beta particles are more penetrating than alpha particles, but are less damaging to living tissue and DNA because the ionizations they produce are more widely spaced. They travel farther in air than alpha particles, but can be stopped by a layer of clothing or by a thin layer of a substance such as aluminum.
Gamma rays have the highest penetration power. A living organism such as a human being exposed to gamma rays faces a high risk of having bone marrow and internal organs damaged. Gamma rays can pass through a body, damaging tissue and DNA in the process.
Beta radiation is more penetrating than alpha radiation because the particle released as beta radiation is much smaller and faster moving than alpha particles.
Alpha particles weigh 4 atomic mass units, making them the heaviest of the common decay particles. Thus, they have the lowest velocities and largest impulses relative to beta and gamma particles. Further, their +2 charge gives alpha particles the strongest Coulombic force.
Alpha particles are the most harmful internal hazard as compared with gamma rays and beta particles. Radioactive materials that emit alpha and beta particles are most harmful when swallowed, inhaled, absorbed, or injected.
The first is an alpha particle. These particles consist of two protons and two neutrons and are the heaviest type of radiation particle. Many of the naturally occurring radioactive materials in the earth, like uranium and thorium, emit alpha particles.
Alpha represents how much an investment's actual return exceeded its expected return, based on its risk level. Alpha is used to evaluate whether an investment outperformed a certain benchmark. Beta, on the other hand, measures how volatile an asset is compared to the overall market.
Ultima. This rank is higher than either the Alpha or Luna ranks. They are the strongest wolf in the pack and very dangerous.
Alphas rank at the top of the socio-sexual hierarchy followed closely by beta. Whereas omegas rank at the bottom of the hierarchy.
Beta particles travel appreciable distances in air, but can be reduced or stopped by a layer of clothing, thin sheet of plastic or a thin sheet of aluminum foil. Several feet of concrete or a thin sheet of a few inches of lead may be required to stop the more energetic gamma rays.
The alpha is the individual with the highest rank, who is usually the first to eat and the first to mate. Its subordinates correspondingly fall into four other categories, described in descending order of importance as beta, gamma, delta and omega.
Gamma rays have the smallest wavelengths and the most energy of any wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. They are produced by the hottest and most energetic objects in the universe, such as neutron stars and pulsars, supernova explosions, and regions around black holes.
Beta was a loyal follower, but when he started to see Alpha deviating from her own playbook he was immediately skeptical because the leader is not supposed to change the rules. His loyalty was second only to the belief system – which Alpha created – and with Alpha gone he no longer has anyone guiding his actions.
In the very simplest of terms, the beta male is the “second in command,” dominant over all but the alpha. While the positions of mid-ranking wolves are somewhat fluid, the beta generally enjoys a more stable existence.
As the first letter of the alphabet, Alpha as a Greek numeral came to represent the number 1. Therefore, Alpha, both as a symbol and term, is used to refer to the "first", or "primary", or "principal" (most significant) occurrence or status of a thing.
Introduction. The terms alpha, beta, and gamma male are typically used to describe an individual's position within a social hierarchy. In linear hierarchies, alpha males are the highest-ranking males within a group, followed by beta, and then gamma males.
An alpha male is typically described as the dominant and most influential member of a social group. The alpha mentality is strong, confident, assertive, and in control of his environment. He has the ability to lead, motivate and inspire those around him while maintaining a sense of power over his peers.
Alphas are stereotypical leaders: confident and action-oriented, they blaze the path, lead the way, and “get stuff done.” Alpha Dogs are dynamic, fearless, charismatic, and accomplished. Almost every organization values and rewards Alpha Dogs.
Alpha is a way to measure excess return, while beta is used to measure the volatility, or risk, of an asset. Beta might also be referred to as the return you can earn by passively owning the market.
In response to the untimely death of Alpha, Beta takes a leadership position and declares war on the communities. During the war, he kills Gabriel and several other members of the Militia. He eventually fights Negan to get revenge for Alpha's death, but is injured after Negan bashes "Lucille" on his back several times.
Beta is the kind of person who values stability. Clearly he came from a place where he didn't have a lot of stability, and Alpha was able to offer that to him and give him the direction he needed to survive in the new world.
Beta particles (β)
Some beta particles are capable of penetrating the skin and causing radiation damage, such as skin burns. Beta particles are most harmful to living cells when they are inhaled or ingested.
A beta particle forms when a neutron changes into a proton and a high-energy electron . The proton stays in the nucleus but the electron leaves the atom as a beta particle. When a nucleus emits a beta particle, these changes happen: the mass number stays the same.
At these high speeds they have enough energy to break bonds in matter or ionise atoms (knock electrons off), which is especially deleterious for living cells. An interesting thing about alpha particles is that they do not penetrate far through matter (unlike beta or gamma radiation).