Clogged pores contain a buildup of dead skin cells, oil, dirt and bacteria.
While you may feel tempted to remove buildup by squeezing or picking at your pores, this can create acne scars, make the pores appear larger, or even cause more breakouts. Whether you use your hands, tweezers, or another tool to excavate pesky blackheads or whiteheads from your face, you can damage your skin.
Blackheads, or open comedos, are clogged pores that are filled with dead skin cells and oil, not dirt or grime as myth may suggest. The blackish portion of a blackhead — aka the sesame seed — is due to the oxidation of the dead skin cells and oil when exposed to air.
Clogged pores can be the result of your glands producing too much oil. More oil on your skin increases the risk of clogged pores. But lots of other things can lead to enlarged pores, including age, skin products, hair follicles and sun damage.
A clogged pore can look like a black spot, called a blackhead, or it can look like a white or skin-colored raised bump called a whitehead. A pimple or acne cyst, on the other hand, has more bacteria and inflammation inside of them and can have pus, redness, and swelling.
You get acne when oil and dead skin block a pore. This often causes a small growth, or “pimple,” that goes away on its own or with over-the-counter drugs. If it's more serious or a pimple gets very irritated, you might get a larger squishy growth called a cyst. (Hard growths are called nodules.)
Damaging your skin by squeezing or picking can cause inflammation and discoloration. Squeezing introduces bacteria, oil, and dirt from your hands into your pores, which can lead to more blackheads.
Pockmarks, which are also called pick marks or acne scars, are blemishes with a concave shape that can look like holes or indentations in the skin. They occur when the deeper layers of the skin become damaged. As these deeper layers heal, extra collagen is produced.
A giant comedone is an exceptionally large blackhead.
If you have a large dilated pore of Winer, don't try to remove it at home! Your healthcare provider will remove your large, dilated pore of Winer by injecting a small amount of anesthetic near the pore and cutting the skin to remove the contents of the pore.
Exfoliation. Exfoliation involves removing dead cells from the skin's surface. Doing this can help reduce the texture of clogged pores and, in some cases, unblock them.
Salicylic acid works to treat acne by unclogging blocked pores. It does this by breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells so that they can release from the pore more easily, and breaking down oils, such as sebum. Salicylic acid also decreases the skin's sebum production, leading to fewer breakouts.
With that said, if you stick with a gentle exfoliating skincare routine, avoid ingredients that are known to clog pores (like too-thick creams and coconut oil), and keep your fingers off your face, you're likely to see an improvement in the appearance of your clogged pores within a few weeks.
Blackheads break the surface of the skin, which is why they are called open comedones. Their black appearance is not because of dirt but because of air reacting to the inside of a pimple.
Pustules are a type of pimple that contains yellowish pus. They are larger than whiteheads and blackheads. Pustules appear either as red bumps with white centers or as white bumps that are hard and often tender to the touch. In many cases, the skin around the pustules is red or inflamed.
Basically, what happens if you don't pop a whitehead is that it goes away on its own, usually in 3 to 7 days. It may happen that you wake up one morning and notice the pimple is gone. Or you may notice the pimple draining.
The technical term for an acne seed is a microcomedone. A microcomedone is a cluster of mostly dead skin cells that might be mixed with oil and comedogenic ingredients from pore-clogging products. It's called a micro-comedone because when it first forms, it is microscopic so it's invisible to the naked eye.