In Arabic, the corresponding letter to q (ق) makes a different sound than the corresponding letter to k (ك), whereas in English they are redundant. The q is further back in the throat while the k is not as in English, k in English is voiceless, while its Arabic counterpart is voiced.
ذ is indeed pronounced like the th in English this. ظ is sort of similar, being the emphatic form of ذ. Technically, the difference between the two consonants is pharyngealization — with ظ being pharyngealized.
The Arabic letter kha is a moon letter. That means that the definite article is pronounced al and nothing else. The letters that are not moon letters are called sun letters, and they are assimilated with the definite article al. For example the Arabic word for fear is pronounced khawf and written ﺧَﻮﻑ.
In Arabic, both letters correspond to "throat-y" sounds, but 'ق' corresponds to a 'k' sound while 'غ' corresponds to a 'gh' sound. In Farsi, both letters correspond to a 'gh' sound because Farsi does not have a throaty 'k' sound.
The letter ů now has the same pronunciation as the letter ú (long [uː]), but changes to a short o when a word is morphed (e.g. nom. kůň → gen. koně, nom.
The Arabic letter غ (Arabic: غَيْنْ, ghayn or ġayn) is the nineteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet, one of the six letters not in the twenty-two akin to the Phoenician alphabet (the others being thāʼ, khāʼ, dhāl, ḍād, ẓāʼ). It represents the sound /ɣ/ or /ʁ/. In name and shape, it is a variant of ʻayn ( ع).
Ṯāʾ (ث) is one of the six letters the Arabic alphabet added to the twenty-two from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being ḫāʾ, ḏāl, ḍād, ẓāʾ, ġayn). In Modern Standard Arabic it represents the voiceless dental fricative [θ], also found in English as the "th" in words such as "thank" and "thin".
For example, in Palestine, depending on which city you are in, you could hear “ق” pronounced as hamza, “ك”, or “g”. In Jordan and Palestine, some men pronounce “ق” as “g” due to it sounding more Bedouin hence more masculine. Whereas, women pronounce it as a hamza since it's softer to sound more feminine.
This is one of the few Arabic letters which isn't found in the English alphabet and requires some imitation to pronounce. The Arabic letter ق is named قاف (qaf). When travelling around the Middle-East you are most likely to encounter this letter in stop signs on the road.
مَعَ • (maʕa) is used to mean "to have" when the object possessed is small and on the possessor's person. The possessor is expressed as the object of the preposition.
In modern Persian, there is no difference in pronunciation between the letters ذ (zāl), ز (ze), ض (zād), and ظ (zā). They all have the sound [z]. The letters ض and ظ only occur in words of Arabic origin. ذ mostly occurs in originally Arabic words, but also in a few pure Persian words, e.g. گذاشتن [gozāshtan] (to put).
ع It's commonly said that this letter is the most difficult letter to correctly pronounce in Arabic.
Beginners might wonder how many heavy letters are in Arabic. Well, there are 7 heavy letters in total, which include (خ ص ض غ ط ق ظ).
ڤ (v), that is sometimes used to write foreign names and loanwords with the phoneme IPA: /v/, is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of ف (fāʔ). It can be written and pronounced as a ف (fāʔ) instead.
Each letter in the Arabic alphabet has a sound that is either heavy or light. Heavy letters are 7 {خ ص ض غ ط ق ظ}. These letters can be collected in a word to remember them easily which is خص ضغط قظ.
The sound /ʊ/ is a back, high, lax, rounded vowel. Spelling: “oo” – took, good. “u” – put, bush.
/ʊ/is a high, back, lax vowel. To make it, your tongue should be lifted high in the mouth (slightly lower than /u/), and shifted toward the back. Keep your lips relaxed and slightly open. Then, vibrate your vocal cords as you push air out of your mouth.
It is similar to the /u:/ sound, but it is shorter. /ʊ/ not /u:/. To produce the ʊ sound put your tongue close to the top and near the back of your mouth and make a short voiced sound with your mouth closed.