The outgrowth of lateral inflorescences from excised cauline nodes of wild-type plants is inhibited by apical auxin.
Auxin inhibits the growth of lateral axillary buds.
Apical dominance is defined as an inhibitory control exercised by the apical portions of the shoot over the growth of the lateral buds below.
The direct theory explains apical dominance as auxin synthesized in the shoot apex moves down the stem into buds and inhibits their growth. According to this theory, apically derived auxin inhibits buds from synthesizing their own auxin necessary for their growth.
In most vinifera cultivars, lateral buds typically remain dormant unless damage or early shoot pruning removes the source of auxins that induce their dormancy.
Lateral bud outgrowth and its control by the apex.
Cytokinin promotes the growth of lateral buds by suppressing the growth of apical bud.
We show that gibberellin and CK synergistically promote lateral bud outgrowth, and that both hormones influence the expression of putative branching regulators, J. curcas BRANCHED1 and BRANCHED2, which are key transcription factors maintaining bud dormancy.
Apical dominance is shown by auxin hormone. Thus it prevents the lateral growth, but results in the growth of plant length - wise.
Cytokinins Regulate Lateral Root Development in a Stage-Specific Manner. Auxin is considered the major regulator of lateral root development based on a large body of physiological, genetic, and molecular cell biological evidence (reviewed in Casimiro et al., 2003).
As auxin and cytokinin concentrations along the parent root are thought directly to control lateral root initiation and emergence, they could regulate root apical dominance (Lloret and Casero, 2002).
Our understanding of apical dominance leads us to prune plants by cutting stem tips; the absence of a dominant apical bud and its auxins stimulates the development of lateral buds and branches (right).
Pruning also may indirectly stimulate growth of lateral shoots by allowing more light to penetrate the canopy of the plant. Pruning a young plant will stimulate vigorous shoot growth and will delay the development of flowers and fruit.
The growing apical buds of plants produce the phytohormone auxin that inhibits the growth of lateral or axillary buds, increasing the vertical length of the plant. This phenomenon is called apical dominance.
Cytokinin Inhibits Fungal Development and Virulence by Targeting the Cytoskeleton and Cellular Trafficking. mBio. 2021 Oct 26;12(5):e0306820. doi: 10.1128/mBio.
The hormone auxin is known to inhibit root elongation and to promote initiation of lateral roots.
Abstract. For almost a century the plant hormone auxin has been central to theories on apical dominance, whereby the growing shoot tip suppresses the growth of the axillary buds below.
The lateral meristem, which can be found on the lateral side of the stems and roots, is responsible for the rise in the thickness of the plant. The lateral sides of a plant's stem and roots are where the lateral meristems are found. These meristems contribute to plants' development of a greater overall thickness.
This phenomenon is called apical dominance. The growing shoot apex inhibits the growth of lateral branches. This happens because of a high concentration of auxins in shoot apex. To prevent apical dominance, shoot apex is trimmed.
Lateral branching is induced by removing the apical bud in plants. It is because the apical bud inhibits the growth of lateral buds due to apical dominance. It has been shown that the auxin synthesized in the apical bud inhibits growth of lateral bud.
The strongest shoots are those lowest on the stem, and these are the best to select as shoots when pruning. Leave them and encourage their growth by removing old wood. Cut the old and leave the young is the best rule of thumb for flowering shrubs.
Lateral buds grow along the sides of a shoot and give rise to the sideways growth that makes a plant bushy. These buds stay dormant until the shoot has grown long enough to diminish the influence of the hormones produced by the terminal bud, or until the terminal bud is pruned off; then they begin their growth.
While high cytokinin and auxin levels convert the transformed cells into rapidly growing tumours, opines secreted from the transformed cells serve as a source of carbon and nitrogen for the Agrobacterium (Chilton et al., 1977).
The pioneering work has shown that a high auxin/cytokinin ratio induces root regeneration, whereas a low ratio promotes shoot induction (Skoog and Miller, 1957). This indicates that auxin and cytokinin might have a cross-talk during in vitro organogenesis.
Cytokinins Play a Pivotal Role in Ovule Patterning and Development. Flowering plants alternate between a diploid sporophytic stage, which constitutes the main body of the plant, and a reduced, haploid gametophytic stage contained within the female and male floral organs.