Urine smells bad due to concentrated waste (dehydration), certain foods (asparagus, garlic, coffee), medications (B vitamins, penicillin), infections (UTIs causing foul/fishy smells), or underlying conditions like diabetes (sweet smell) or kidney issues, with ammonia being a common strong odor from waste products like urea. A strong ammonia or foul smell often signals dehydration or infection, while a sweet smell can point to diabetes, requiring medical attention.
If urine has a lot of waste with little water, also called concentrated, it might have a strong odor from a gas called ammonia.
Foul-smelling urine may be due to bacteria. Sweet-smelling urine may be a sign of uncontrolled diabetes or a rare disease of metabolism. Liver disease and certain metabolic disorders may cause musty-smelling urine.
You should worry about urine smell and see a doctor if it's persistent, accompanied by fever, pain/burning during urination, cloudy or bloody urine, or if it smells sweet (potential diabetes) or rotten (potential infection/kidney stones). While often temporary due to dehydration or food, persistent strong or unusual odors, especially with other symptoms, warrant medical attention to rule out UTIs, diabetes, or other conditions.
A core function of the kidneys is to clean your blood by expelling waste products and excess fluid as urine. So if you've noticed a change in your urine — such as color, cloudiness or unusual smell — it could be a sign that your kidney health is at risk.
If your kidneys aren't working properly, you may notice one or more of the following signs:
Stay Hydrated
Water helps flush out toxins and waste products from your body, allowing your kidneys to function more efficiently. Aim to drink at least 8-10 glasses of water daily, and consider increasing your intake if you're active or live in a hot climate.
Things you can do if you have smelly pee
Patients affected by trimethylaminuria will often have fishy-smelling urine. Trimethylaminuria is a genetic disorder in which affected individuals have an enzymatic deficiency that makes them unable to metabolize TMA. Because they cannot metabolize TMA, affected individuals have a buildup of TMA in their bodies.
Liver disease can make urine smell musty, sweet, or like ammonia due to the buildup of toxins (like dimethyl disulfide/methyl mercaptan) that the failing liver can't process, leading to a specific scent known as foetor hepaticus, often accompanied by dark urine and jaundice. This ammonia-like odor comes from excess urea breakdown, while a sweet smell can also signal uncontrolled diabetes, so a medical evaluation is crucial.
Urinary tract infection: Foul-smelling urine is a symptom of a urinary tract infection. Other symptoms are cloudy urine, an urgent need to urinate, or a burning sensation while urinating. The foul smell may be the only symptom of a urinary tract infection.
Stick to drinking six to eight glasses of water a day or by having a glass of fruit juice that is noncitrus to dilute the odor. Cranberry juice is a great juice to reduce the acidity in your urine. If you cannot drink that much, ask your doctor if you can try taking deodorizing tablets or supplements.
A popcorn smell or sweet-smelling urine is often an early indicator of untreated or undiagnosed diabetes. Diabetes affects your blood sugar levels and causes high ketone levels. The excess sugar and ketones make their way into your urine, resulting in that tell-tale popcorn smell.
B-complex vitamins can turn your urine bright yellow and make it smell fishy or musty. Vitamin C can make your urine look dark yellow or orange. Certain foods. Eating a lot of asparagus, garlic, Brussels sprouts and curry can cause your urine to smell different than usual.
The number one reason for bad-smelling urine is dehydration. “You always have a certain amount of ammonia in your urine. When you have more water, the ammonia is diluted, and it smells less intense. Whereas with dehydration, the concentration of ammonia is higher, and the smell is stronger,” Dr.
You should worry about urine smell and see a doctor if it's persistent, accompanied by fever, pain/burning during urination, cloudy or bloody urine, or if it smells sweet (potential diabetes) or rotten (potential infection/kidney stones). While often temporary due to dehydration or food, persistent strong or unusual odors, especially with other symptoms, warrant medical attention to rule out UTIs, diabetes, or other conditions.
There are a number of common causes for smelly urine.
It increases the levels of antioxidants in the body, balances blood sugar levels and reduces blood pressure, creating optimum conditions for kidney health. Apple cider vinegar contains citric acid which dissolves kidney stones. Frequent intake of apple cider vinegar also flushes out toxins from the kidneys.
Diabetes and high blood pressure are the top culprits damaging kidneys most, as they harm the delicate filtering blood vessels, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and failure; other major factors include smoking, obesity, dehydration, poor diet (high sugar/salt/red meat), certain medications (NSAIDs), lack of sleep, and genetic conditions. These factors create a cycle where damaged kidneys worsen blood pressure, further damaging them.
12 of the Best Drinks for Kidney Health
Generally, earlier stages are known as 1 to 3. And as kidney disease progresses, you may notice the following symptoms. Nausea and vomiting, muscle cramps, loss of appetite, swelling via feet and ankles, dry, itchy skin, shortness of breath, trouble sleeping, urinating either too much or too little.
You can check kidney function at home using at-home test kits for urine (detecting protein/albumin) or finger-prick blood tests (checking creatinine/eGFR), often with smartphone apps for analysis, or by monitoring symptoms like increased nighttime urination (nocturia), swelling, or changes in urine (blood, foam) and discussing results with a doctor, as home tests screen but don't replace professional diagnosis.
The combination of the three is often powerful enough to drive away strong urine smells. The solutions is eight fluid ounces of peroxide, three tablespoons of baking soda, and a few drops of dish detergent. It is best to test a small area first to ensure it does not discolor flooring, carpet or any other surfaces.
It's normal to have a small amount of sugar in your pee. But if urine (pee) test results show more than 0.25 mg/ml of glucose, that's glycosuria. Sometimes, glycosuria is a symptom of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). But it can also happen in people with normal or low blood sugar levels.