About 4 out of 5 cases of acute pancreatitis improve quickly and don't cause any serious further problems. However, 1 in 5 cases are severe and can result in life-threatening complications, such as multiple organ failure. In severe cases where complications develop, there's a high risk of the condition being fatal.
The overall 10-year and 20-year survival rates are estimated to be about 70% and 45%, respectively. For some people, a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis can mean a lifetime of pain and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Most people with acute pancreatitis will recover completely in a few days with supportive care: rest, hydration and pain relief. However, a very severe case of acute pancreatitis can cause serious health complications, some of them life-threatening.
The largest study to date of patients who have had surgery for chronic pancreatitis with follow-up of six years or longer has found that about two-thirds survive after 10 years.
Chronic pancreatitis can have serious and long-lasting effects. But with lifestyle changes and effective treatments, patients with this condition can reduce their pain and live a more normal life.
Whether mild, moderate, or severe, acute pancreatitis usually requires hospitalization.
The main symptom of pancreatitis is pain felt in the upper left side or middle of the abdomen. The pain: May be worse within minutes after eating or drinking at first, more commonly if foods have a high fat content. Becomes constant and more severe, lasting for several days.
Who is affected? Acute pancreatitis is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, but it can affect people of any age. Men are more likely to develop alcohol-related pancreatitis, while women are more likely to develop it as a result of gallstones.
The most common causes of acute pancreatitis include gallstones, alcohol use, and hypertriglyceridemia.
Pancreatitis has two stages — acute and chronic. Chronic pancreatitis is a more persistent condition. Most cases of acute pancreatitis are mild and involve a short hospital stay for the pancreas to recover. Acute pancreatitis occurs suddenly after the pancreas is damaged.
Emotional stress can excite the vagus nerve (connects the brain with the stomach) and causes the stomach to be stimulated to produce excessive amounts of acid. As noted, this increase in acid stimulates an increase in pancreatic secretion production. This can exacerbate pancreatitis once it has been established.
The end stage of CP is characterized by multiple complications including pain, pancreatic insufficiency (endocrine and/or exocrine), metabolic bone disease, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); the mechanisms and management of CP-associated pain are discussed in detail in other articles within this issue.
In severe cases, pancreatitis can be life-threatening. If you have severe abdominal (tummy) pain that lasts for more than 20 minutes, call your doctor or visit the emergency department of your local hospital. Pancreatitis can be either acute (sudden onset) or chronic (ongoing and longer-term).
Pancreatitis diagnosis
To diagnose pancreatitis, your doctor will ask you about any possible pancreatitis symptoms, and then perform a physical exam, pressing on your belly to see if it is tender. The doctor will also check for other pancreatitis symptoms such as low blood pressure and rapid pulse.
A: Chronic pancreatitis is a serious illness and, in some cases, can be fatal. A small number of people with chronic pancreatitis will develop pancreatic cancer, which can be fatal. Small numbers of people with chronic pancreatitis may die from complications following surgery or from a digestive hemorrhage.
The latest classification of AP: (1) mild AP (MAP) is characterized by the absence of both pancreatic (peri) necrosis and organ failure; (2) moderate AP is characterized by the presence of sterile (peri)pancreatic necrosis and/or transient organ failure; (3) severe AP (SAP) is characterized by the presence of either ...
If left untreated, pancreatitis can cause kidney failure, trouble breathing, digestion issues, diabetes, and abdominal pain.
The most frequent causes of death were: pancreatic cancer (3.6%), complications after surgery (3.6%) and upper digestive hemorrhage (2.4%). The mortality risk factors were presence of diabetes, no alleviation of pain under treatment and unceasing of smoking.
In 80% of people with acute pancreatitis, the inflammation either clears up completely or improves a lot within one to two weeks. But it sometimes leads to serious complications, so it's usually treated in a hospital.
With chronic pancreatitis, the inflammation gets worse over time, causing permanent damage and disrupting the function of the organ. Most people with this condition experience upper abdominal pain.
Up to 80% of chronic pancreatitis patients will live at least ten years past their diagnosis.