Darth Vader can not use force lighting, because of his severed arms. Robotic hands can't summon the force lighting.
Darth Vader is one of the most powerful and insidious villains in Star Wars canon. Fewer antagonists are more memorable than this wheezing, fallen Jedi. However, he never once in the main films uses Force Lightning, the iconic weapon of Sith throughout canon.
Only the strongest of lightning could deal significant damage. He was able to take the lightning from Starkiller's Clone which could disintegrate Stormtroopers. The suit by TFU 2 is was upgraded to be resistant to force lightning to help protect his systems which are the only vulnerable parts.
While Jedi could create Force lightning, like Sith, they choose not to use that power due to its association with the dark side and immoral nature. Despite being equally as strong in the Force, one innately Sith ability that Jedi in the Star Wars franchise do not wield is Force lightning.
Grandmaster Yoda himself was capable of summoning force lightning in the form of Emerald Lightning. Galen Marek was an extremely skilled user of this Force power, even after his conversion to the light side, rivaling Darth Sidious.
It's likely Kylo never learned how to summon Force Lightning
He would teach and tell Kylo only what he wanted to, making sure that he stayed within limits and would certainly never get to the point of almost destroying him as Anakin did — therefore neglecting training in Force lightning.
Darth Krayt, Darth Wyyrlok, Karness Muur, Grand Master Yoda, Galen Marek and Revan were able to catch Force lightning with their bare hands. The latter three could also deflect Force Lightning back to its source.
1 Darth Sidious
As well as being a gifted bladesman Sidious' connection to the Dark Side is extremely powerful, granting Sidious the ability to conduct force lightning.
Despite being equally as strong in the Force, one innately Sith ability that Jedi in the Star Wars franchise do not wield is Force lightning. First introduced when Darth Sidious (Emperor Palpatine) electrocuted Luke Skywalker in Star Wars: Return of the Jedi, Force lightning is a powerful weapon for Sith.
However, the part of the Force that both the Jedi and Sith primarily pull from, the Living Force, primarily relies on living beings. Since Darth Vader is “more machine than man,” he lacked the amount of midichloriuans to adequately communicate to the Force, and so, was unable to become more powerful than Sidious.
Darth Vader beat the Emperor in the end, using one of his own tactics which he witnessed for the first time decades before, with Mace Windu. Darth Sidious was always stronger than Vader, which is why he ruled over him for almost 20 years and turned him into the Sith Lord he was.
Gray Jedi commonly demonstrated their skills with both Light and Dark side Force capabilities. For example, the capacity to construct a lightsaber from scratch, along with unique Force talents such as Force lightning.
Force lightning is a dark side ability used to torture, disfigure, and even kill one's victims.
Master Yoda has risen above all others to claim the top spot as the most powerful Jedi of all time and the true chosen one according to IGN's audience. He won pretty handily as well, as he was victorious in 89,756 of his 95,243 battles and had a win percentage of 94.2%.
As the first Dark Lord of the Sith, Ajunta Pall founded the first Sith Empire and expanded it onto other worlds. The Sith took over the planet Ziost and created it as their capital and as Pall's new home.
Jedi Battlemaster Cin Drallig and Grand Master Yoda had knowledge and mastery of all seven forms, including Juyo, befitting Drallig's role as lightsaber combat instructor at the Jedi Temple and Yoda's reputation of having mastered all forms of lightsaber combat as did Anoon Bondara, another lightsaber instructor.
Palpatine carried the lightsaber for a great deal of his life afterward, though he only rarely wielded it in combat, as his position as Emperor made battles with other Force-users few and far between, and he preferred to rely on his raw ability with the Force in any case.
Yoda's Lightsaber Form Hints He Was Vulnerable To The Dark Side - IMDb. With the various forms of lightsaber combat in the Star Wars universe, the form that Master Yoda employs suggests of a possible weakness to the dark side's sway.
Given Rey's lineage as Palpatine's granddaughter, it is also reasonable to assume she is already better attuned to using Force Lightning than the average Force user, with Ben telling Rey that she has all of Palpatine's power within her at the beginning of The Rise of Skywalker.
The true Force-form of Darth Vader explains why he can't use Force Lightning. Conceived by the will of the Force itself, and with a midi-chlorian count so high it was greater than even Master Yoda's, Anakin Skywalker was the greatest Jedi Knight of his generation.
He hadn't learned it yet. Also you can't use Sith Lightning until you yourself are hit with it which he never was until after dawning his suit, but as someone else has mentioned, he was unable to use it due to his cybernetics.
Aside from Qui-Gon Jinn and Ahsoka Tano, other characters have been dubbed Gray Jedi by fans, even though the term isn't canon. For instance, Kylo Ren — a.k.a. Ben Solo — is a Force-user who taps into both the Dark and Light sides of the Force.