Yes, most Australians still own their homes (around two-thirds), but this is a decline from past decades, with more people now renting or paying off mortgages, especially younger generations facing affordability issues; the trend shows fewer owning outright and more with mortgages, indicating a shift in the "great Australian dream".
While the proportion owning has slipped only two percentage points from 68% to 66% between 1996 and 2021, the proportion owning outright (without a mortgage) has plummeted from 42% to 31%. The proportion mortgaged is nine percentage points higher. The proportion renting is four percentage points higher.
Home ownership rates have declined, especially among younger Australians, while older generations maintain higher ownership levels. Census data from 2021 indicate a home ownership rate of 67% – including both outright owners and those with mortgages – down from 70% in 2006.
The average age to pay off a mortgage in Australia has risen significantly, with estimates placing it between 60 and 65, often extending into retirement, up from around 52 in the 1980s, due to higher house prices and later first-home purchases, with many Australians now facing debt into their 60s and even 70s, making debt-free retirement a challenge.
The Australian rate (24%) is similar to those of other English-speaking countries, which all have rates ranging from 22% (New Zealand) to 29% (the UK). Scandinavia has the highest rates of living alone, ranging from 39% in Denmark to 49% in Sweden.
Housing Occupancy and Costs
66% of Australian households owned their own home with or without a mortgage. 31% of households rented their home.
Around 40-45% of Australians, which is over 9 million people, have less than $1,000 in savings, with many having zero or very little buffer for unexpected expenses due to high cost-of-living pressures, though figures vary slightly by survey date and methodology. Some research shows nearly 40% of adults (about 8.3 million) and a significant chunk, like 43%, have under $1,000, with some having virtually nothing saved.
While exact real-time figures vary, recent analyses suggest hundreds of thousands of Australians hold over $1 million in superannuation, though it's a minority, with estimates from around 2021 pointing to over 400,000 people, a number that has grown significantly due to investment returns, though many still don't reach this milestone. About 2.5% of the population held >$1 million in super as of mid-2021 (around 417,000 people), with forecasts indicating a larger number, while projections suggest over 10% of women and 15% of men retiring by 2060 could reach this goal, and recent studies highlight that a large majority (around 94%) of retirees don't hit $1 million.
For households headed by those aged 65 to 74, average debt has more than quadrupled over the last three decades, climbing from about $10,000 in 1992 to around $45,000 in 2022.
Using this free income calculator, the approximate income you need to buy a $500,000 home, assuming you need a $400,000 loan, is $77,000 gross per year, excluding superannuation.
The 28/36 rule in Australia is a financial guideline for borrowing, suggesting housing costs shouldn't exceed 28% of your gross monthly income, and total debts (housing, car loans, credit cards) shouldn't surpass 36% of your gross monthly income; it helps prevent mortgage stress by ensuring you can afford repayments, though Australian lenders often use slightly different (sometimes higher) benchmarks like 30% for housing costs, plus an APRA serviceability buffer.
The odds of living to 80 in Australia are very high, with life expectancy around 81 for males and 85 for females, meaning many people will pass 80, and data from the early 2020s shows around half of men will reach 80, while women generally exceed it, with recent statistics indicating about 30% of men (and more women) reach their 90s, showing strong longevity trends for older Australians.
Largest foreign owners
China holds a 2.1pc share or 7.596m ha (759,000ha freehold and 6.836m ha leasehold) after divesting 190,000ha last year. The United Kingdom closely followed with 2pc or 7.325m ha (824,000ha freehold and 6.5m ha leasehold) after purchasing an additional 30,000ha during the year.
Australia's housing landscape is shifting. While most households still own their home either with or without a mortgage, renting is on the rise.
To buy a $650,000 house in Australia, you generally need a gross annual household income between $100,000 to $140,000, with figures varying significantly by location and lender criteria, requiring a strong deposit (around $130,000 for 20%) and managing loan repayments to not exceed 30% of your income to avoid mortgage stress, often necessitating a joint income or substantial savings, as highlighted by financial experts and data from sources like Fundd, Finder, and Real Estate.
Now that we've defined debt-to-income ratio, let's figure out what yours means. Generally speaking, a good debt-to-income ratio is anything less than or equal to 36%. Meanwhile, any ratio above 43% is considered too high.
Fewer people have $1 million in retirement savings than commonly thought, with around 4.6% to 4.7% of U.S. households having $1 million or more in retirement accounts, according to recent Federal Reserve data (2022), though this percentage rises for older age groups, with about 9% of those aged 55-64 reaching that milestone. However, the median retirement savings are much lower (around $88,000-$200,000), showing a large gap between averages and reality, with many retirees having significantly less, notes.
Summary. While retiring on $400,000 is possible, you may need to adjust your lifestyle expectations if this is your final retirement amount. If you want to grow your savings before retirement, there are a number of expert-recommended ways to boost your bank balance.
A wealthy retiree in Australia is generally someone with substantial assets, often defined as having over $1 million in investable assets (excluding the family home) or a total net worth exceeding that, allowing for a very comfortable lifestyle well above basic needs, potentially generating $150,000+ annual income, though "wealthy" is relative, with many considering >$1M or a significant super balance as rich.
The top ten financial mistakes most people make after retirement are:
For a $70,000 annual retirement income in Australia, you generally need a super balance between roughly $1.1 million and $1.75 million for a single person, depending on when you retire, while couples might aim for around $690,000 to $820,000, often factoring in the Age Pension and home ownership. A common guideline is to aim for a balance that provides 70-85% of your pre-retirement income, but the exact figure depends heavily on your lifestyle, investment returns, and access to government support like the Age Pension.
The $27.40 rule is a daily savings strategy that helps you save $10,000 in a year by setting aside $27.40 every day. This strategy makes saving $10,000 in a year seem much more manageable and promotes saving as a daily habit.
According to a Dacxi survey 40% of Australians consider the upper class as those that earn more than an after-tax income of $150,000 annually. 33% apply a net worth lens to the definition and classify the upper class as those with a net worth of over $1 million.
This ongoing situation of living paycheck to paycheck continues to impact many lives. A separate survey underscores this, finding that 48.4% of Australians either live paycheck to paycheck or save less than 10% of their income, while one in three have recently missed a bill or credit payment [2].