Citations can appear "within or at the end of a sentence", depending on the placement of a quotation or an author's name (American Psychological Association [APA], 2020, p. 263).
If the citation is at the end of the sentence, put the period or other end punctuation after the closing parenthesis. There was a study completed on the effects of dark chocolate on heart disease (Jones, 2009).
A reference or citation can be positioned at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence.
In APA Style, cite your sources by putting the information about the source in parentheses at the end of a sentence or in the text of your paper as opposed to a footnote where the source information is at the bottom of the page or an endnote where it goes at the end of your paper.
An APA in-text citation is placed before the final punctuation mark in a sentence. The company invested over 40,000 hours in optimizing its algorithm (Davis, 2011).
When a quote with citation ends a sentence, the period should go after the citation because the citation belongs to that sentence.
APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). For sources such as websites and e-books that have no page numbers, use a paragraph number.
Include the author, year of publication, and page number for the reference. If the author and date are introduced in the sentence as a narrative citation, then add the page number in parentheses at the end of the quote. For example, Smith (2019) demonstrated how to "..." (p. 112).
APA 7 Style uses the author-date citation method with parentheses. After a quote, add parentheses containing the author's name, the year of publication, and the page number(s) the quote appears. For quotations that are on one page, type "p." before the page number.
Putting a citation at the end of the paragraph is fine (there should be at least one citation at the end of each paragraph if the material is paraphrased).
Quoted text is placed inside double quotation marks. The citation appears in parentheses outside the quotation and includes the author, date and page number (p. #) separated by commas. If at the end of a sentence a full stop is placed after the citation.
When citing the work of the same author multiple times in one paragraph, you do not need to reference the author at the end of each sentence. That would look clunky and make your writing stilted. Instead, introduce the author with a full in-text citation at the beginning of the paragraph and then, again, at the end.
Long Paraphrases & Paragraphs
When paraphrasing or summarising using one source over several sentences or even a whole paragraph, cite the source in the first sentence. There is no need to cite the work again in this paragraph provided it is clear that this is the only source being paraphrased.
When you use a quotation mid-sentence, end the quote with quotation marks and cite the source in parentheses immediately after, and continue the sentence. If the author's name and the date of publication are included before the quotation, then provide only the page numbers immediately after the quotation.
APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14).
In-text citations include the last name of the author followed by a comma and the publication year enclosed in parentheses: (Smith, 2007).
All text is double-spaced, just like the rest of the paper. List the sources alphabetically by authors' last names. If no author is listed, start with the title of the article, book or web resource. Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations by 0.5 inch to create a hanging indent.
APA (American Psychological Association) is used by Education, Psychology, and Sciences. MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used by the Humanities. Chicago/Turabian style is generally used by Business, History, and the Fine Arts.
Quotation interrupted in the middle of a sentence
When the annunciatory clause falls in the middle of a sentence, use a comma and closing quotation marks before it, and a comma and opening quotation marks after it.
Short quotations
Provide the author and specific page number (in the case of verse, provide line numbers) in the in-text citation, and include a complete reference on the Works Cited page. Punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and semicolons should appear after the parenthetical citation.
Appropriate level of citation
Instead, when paraphrasing a key point in more than one sentence within a paragraph, cite the source in the first sentence in which it is relevant and do not repeat the citation in subsequent sentences as long as the source remains clear and unchanged.
Make sure to include an in-text citation. Paraphrasing is used to show that you understand what the author wrote. You must reword the passage, expressing the ideas in your own words, and not just change a few words here and there. Make sure to also include an in-text citation.
You need to provide a citation whenever you refer to an idea that you derived from a source. This is the case whether you use a direct quote, a paraphrase, or even just a direct or indirect mention.
Important to remember: You DO NOT need to add an in-text citation after EVERY sentence of your paragraph.
If you are citing them in-text more than once, and you are referring to the same source each time, then you can simply reuse that same in-text reference with a single entry on your references page at the end. If you are citing the same author, but from different sources, you may have to take a different approach.