Yes, Palpatine genuinely feared Yoda as a significant threat, evident in his attempt to flee their duel in Revenge of the Sith, his shock at Yoda's power, and the fact he went to great lengths (like ordering droids to Kashyyyk) to keep Yoda away from the Senate during his arrest, as Yoda alone was powerful enough to challenge him and ruin everything, highlighting that while arrogant, Sidious knew Yoda was the greatest danger to his plans and power.
Yoda won the lightsaber fight then when it came to force Powers it was pretty much even but luck / positioning threw Yoda down. Yoda had to retreat because there were clone troopers coming to back Palpatine up. Yoda didn't “lose” to Palpatine he failed to kill him. Palpatine survived Yoda and failed to kill him.
He was probably afraid most of the time. Mostly of losing his power as he stated. This is why he studied immortality through cloning and transferring his spirit. I imagine he was always afraid of Vader rising against him as Sith inevitably do.
Darth Maul is the weakest. Bane was strong : he killed all the Sith and lots of Jedi.
I genuinely believe ahsoka was one of yoda's favourite Jedi ever!!!
In canon it was Kirak Infil'a , Cere Junda, Obi-Wan and Lord Momin . All messed him up quite badly with Kirak winning round 1 but losing round 2 and Momin cutting off his arm. Obi-Wan actually beat Vader. In Legends it was Shaa Koon, An'ya Kuro, a clone of Maul and Galen Marek.
During their time with the Senate, Yoda and Palpatine publicly treated each other with the utmost respect. Though Palpatine plotted in the shadows and planned his Galactic Empire, he underestimated Yoda. And even when Yoda discovered Palpatine's true nature, Yoda underestimated his opponent's power.
Vader may have had the strength to challenge him, but his mechanical body and dulled Force sensitivity would have left him outmatched in a prolonged battle. Yoda could have used his superior mobility, Force mastery, and the environment, especially on Dagobah, to keep Vader off balance.
Like all Jedi, Mace deeply respects Yoda and regards him as the oldest and wisest Jedi of his time. He always obeys the ancient Jedi Master, but as a senior member of the Jedi Council, he is one of the few who dared to question him, though he rarely does so.
The clone commando RC-1136, known as Darman Skirata, got Jedi Knight Etain Tur-Mukan pregnant during the Clone Wars, resulting in their son, Venku Skirata, a Force-sensitive child born outside the Jedi Code's restrictions. Their forbidden relationship and child's birth were detailed in the Republic Commando novels, highlighting the complexities of clone troopers' development and the strictures of the Jedi Order, as Etain was killed shortly after Order 66 while protecting her family.
The Lost Twenty, also known as the The Lost, was a name given to the group of twenty Jedi Masters who left the Jedi Order throughout its history. According to Yula Braylon of the Jedi High Council, the Lost Twenty became disillusioned with the Jedi way of life.
Darth Vectivus. He basically got all the power he wanted and then retired to live with his family and friends and died peacefully, none of the Sith backstabbing. Vergere is potentially another (although I'm still pissed at the retcon of her being Sith).
When comparing Darth Vader's Jedi kill count to other Sith Lords like Darth Sidious, Darth Maul, or Count Dooku, Vader arguably holds the highest body count. While Sidious orchestrated the Jedi Purge, it was Vader who became the primary executor on the ground, relentlessly hunting Jedi for over two decades.