We could have been living in an antimatter universe, but we are not. Antimatter is matter's upside-down twin—every matter particle has a matching antimatter version with the opposite charge. Physicists think the cosmos started out with just as much antimatter as matter, but most of the former got wiped out.
We don't see any evidence that some of the stars, galaxies or planets we've observed are made of antimatter. We don't see the characteristic gamma rays that we'd expect to see if some antimatter parts were colliding (and annihilating) with the matter parts.
In that case, an antimatter universe would never form stars or galaxies. Our antimatter universe would simply be filled with traces of anti-hydrogen and anti-helium, and nothing would ever look up at the cosmic sky. While we think antimatter has regular mass, we haven't created enough of it in the lab to test the idea.
Antimatter-matter annihilations have the potential to release a huge amount of energy. A gram of antimatter could produce an explosion the size of a nuclear bomb. However, humans have produced only a minuscule amount of antimatter.
Using the famous mass-energy equivalence relationship, 1g of antimatter released into our world (annihilating with 1g of matter) would produce 1.8x1014J of energy. That's 43 kilotons of TNT equivalent, or around the magnitude of the Little Boy atomic bomb dropped in Hiroshima.
"One 100th of a nanogram [of antimatter] costs as much as one kilogram of gold," he says. After a bit of number crunching that means a gram of antiproton antimatter would cost an absurd 5 quadrillion euros. That's 5 thousand trillion euros.
If 1kg of antimatter came into contact with 1kg of matter, the resulting explosion would be the equivalent of 43 megatons of TNT – about 3,000 times more powerful than the bomb that exploded over Hiroshima.
For the past 50 years and more, laboratories like CERN have routinely produced antiparticles, and in 1995 CERN became the first laboratory to create anti-atoms artificially. But no one has ever produced antimatter without also obtaining the corresponding matter particles.
One such proposed technology is antimatter-based propulsion, which, as its name implies, involves using antimatter to power a spacecraft to velocities reaching a few percent of the speed of light.
NASA spacecraft are currently powered by ion thrusters, which have top speeds of 200,000 mph. With the antimatter propulsion systems, the antimatter rocket could hit speeds of 72 million mph.
The record for storing antiparticles is currently held by the TRAP experiment at CERN: antiprotons were kept in a Penning trap for 405 days.
Matter and antimatter particles are always produced as a pair and, if they come in contact, annihilate one another, leaving behind pure energy.
The bottom line is: If a regular black hole and an antimatter black hole got black-hole-married in space, they wouldn't vanish. Feeding in antimatter won't do any good, it's just like regular matter or energy. It only makes the black hole more massive.
Today, antimatter is primarily found in cosmic rays – extraterrestrial high-energy particles that form new particles as they zip into the Earth's atmosphere.
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In addition, small amounts of antimatter are generated for short periods of time in particle accelerators. How much antimatter would our villain need to annihilate with "normal" matter in order to release the amounts of energy required for the destruction of Earth? Lots! Approximately 2.5 trillion tons of antimatter.
Unfortunately, however, antimatter cannot be used as an energy source. Although the annihilation of matter and antimatter releases energy, antimatter does not occur in nature: it has to be created. This requires in itself a lot of energy. Even the storage of antimatter requires a lot of energy.
Luckily, there is technology available to create antimatter through the use of high-energy particle colliders, also called "atom smashers." Atom smashers, like CERN, are large tunnels lined with powerful supermagnets that circle around to propel atoms at near-light speeds.
Even if CERN used its accelerators only for making antimatter, it could produce no more than about 1 billionth of a gram per year. To make 1 g of antimatter - the amount made by Vetra in the movie - would therefore take about 1 billion years.
From a catalogue of about a billion of collisions at energies of 200 GeV and 62 GeV, a total of 18 revealed themselves as antihelium-4, with masses of 3.73 GeV. The researchers have published their findings on the arXiv preprint server but were unavailable to comment on the work.
In the Feynman-Stueckelberg Interpretation, antimatter is identical to matter but moves backward in time.
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Antimatter weapons are currently too costly and unreliable to be viable in warfare, as producing antimatter is enormously expensive (estimated at $6 billion for every 100 nanograms), the quantities of antimatter generated are very small, and current technology has great difficulty containing antimatter, which ...
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Neutron bombs, or more precisely, enhanced [neutron] radiation weapons were also to find use as strategic anti-ballistic missile weapons, and in this role, they are believed to remain in active service within Russia's Gazelle missile.