Yes, autistic people can feel embarrassment, often intensely, but their experience can differ from neurotypical individuals, sometimes involving overwhelming empathic embarrassment (feeling embarrassed for someone else) and difficulty with self-regulation, leading to shame or intense reactions to perceived social missteps, like fear of negative judgment or self-sabotage to avoid triggering shame. They might struggle to identify or express it due to alexithymia or masking, but the underlying feelings of shame and social anxiety are very real, fueling a need to "fit in" or avoid perceived failure.
That is, people with autism may become overwhelmed by their own internal experience of embarrassment in a way that prevents them from accurately matching their emotion with others' emotions.
Furthermore, individuals with Autism generally succumb to health complications approximately 15 to 20 years earlier than the general population. Longitudinal studies that followed people with Autism for over 20 years found that the average life expectancy ranges between 39 years and 58 years.
Around 90% of autism cases are attributed to genetic factors, meaning autism is highly heritable, with many different genes contributing, rather than a single cause, often interacting with environmental influences during early brain development, though specific environmental factors don't cause it but can increase risk. Twin studies show strong genetic links, with concordance rates between 60-90% in identical twins, and research points to complex interactions of many genes and prenatal/perinatal factors.
For example, a toddler learning a second language might have speech delays that look like a red flag. Or a child with sensory processing challenges might avoid certain sounds or textures, which can mimic autistic traits. However, these signs alone don't confirm autism.
The "6-second rule" for autism is a communication strategy where a speaker pauses for about six seconds after asking a question or giving information, giving the autistic person extra time to process it without feeling rushed, which helps reduce anxiety and allows for a more thoughtful response, reducing frustration for both parties. Instead of repeating or rephrasing, which can be confusing, you wait, and if needed, repeat the exact same words after the pause.
"Looping" in autism refers to getting "stuck" in repetitive mental cycles, replaying thoughts, questions, worries, or phrases endlessly, often triggered by stress, sensory overload, or uncertainty, and linked to challenges with executive function and attention. It's a non-clinical term for perseveration or rumination, where an autistic individual's brain struggles to shift focus from an internal loop, which can be mentally exhausting but sometimes also comforting.
Changes in the diagnostic criteria and increased screening at wellness visits seem to be the main contributors.
Donald Triplett, autism's 'Case 1,' dies at 89. Triplett gained media attention for his autism later in life, and he became the face of the effort to research the lives of older adults with autism.
Additionally, inherited genetic variations contribute greatly. Research shows that both mothers and fathers can carry autism-related gene variants. Some of these are common variants that increase the risk of autism, while others are rare mutations causing more severe effects.
In general, people who have an active lifestyle are much more emotionally resilient and focused. There also seems to be some evidence that physical exercise helps people with depression and ADHD, which are commonly co-occurring conditions with autism.
The longest living autistic person known is Donald Gray Triplett, the first person ever diagnosed with autism. He lived to be 89 years old and passed away in 2023.
What not to say if someone reveals that they are autistic to you
Autistic children can have uncommon fears like beards, toilets, or certain shapes. They can also be afraid of loud noises or specific sounds. However, they may also avoid loud noises, not because they are afraid of them, but because they are very sensitive to those noises.
Chinning is a form of repetitive self-stimulatory behavior (stimming) that you may notice in children or adults with autism. It involves pressing, rubbing, or holding the chin against objects, surfaces, or even hands to gain sensory input or comfort.
Children with high-functioning autism are likely to exhibit a wide range of symptoms in early childhood, including:
Clinicians who encountered autism in the 1950s and 1960s called it by many names. Among them were Kanner's syndrome (named after Leo Kanner), early infantile autism, hyperkinetic disease, and Heller's disease (based on 1908 description by Austrian educator Theodor Heller), also known as dementia infantilis.
ASD Level 1: Requiring Support
Level 1 is the mildest, or “highest functioning” form of autism, which includes those who would have previously been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome. Individuals with ASD level 1 may have difficulty understanding social cues and may struggle to form and maintain personal relationships.
She also reported difficulties with social interactions in childhood and adolescence. The diagnosis of autism came later in elementary school by a psychiatrist. At age nine years and at age twelve years, her IQ was tested with the Wechsler. Her full-scale IQ was 120 on the first test and 137 on the second test.
While diagnostic expansion is evident — and may result in overdiagnosis in certain contexts — a significant number of individuals remain underdiagnosed, particularly among groups such as girls, individuals with typical intellectual functioning, racialized populations, or those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder
China currently has the highest rate of autism, with a prevalence of 2.6%, followed by South Korea, the United States, and others. In the United States, approximately 1 in 59 children are diagnosed with ASD, making it one of the countries with higher rates of autism [3].
Experts haven't found a single cause of autism. It's likely a combination of genetics and certain things related to pregnancy, labor and delivery. You might see these things described as “environmental factors” or “prenatal events.” These factors all interact to lead to the brain differences we see in autism.
Palilalia, the delayed repetition of words or phrases, occurs frequently among individuals with autism and developmental disabilities.
Examples of literal thinking in autism
Common colloquial phrases are sometimes taken literally by autistic individuals, who may misunderstand the meaning. For example, if someone says, “Break a leg” or “Hit the books,” a literal thinker might take it as actually breaking a leg or physically striking their books.
Signs of autism in adults