Muscle and nerve cells were relatively insensitive to radiation, and therefore, so are the muscles and the brain.
On the other hand, nerve tissues and muscle tissues, which no longer undergo cell division at the adult stage, are known to be resistant to radiation.
The mature brain and nervous system are relatively resistant to radiation injury, but the developing brain is radiosensitive to damage (see below).
The least sensitive are nerve cells and muscle fibers. Very sensitive cells are also oocytes and lymphocytes, although they are resting cells and do not meet the criteria described above.
The breast seems to be one of the most susceptible organs for radiation induced cancer, but the A-bomb cohorts indicate a risk only in the younger age group (< 40 y at exposure). Except for the breast, the thyroid is the most susceptible organ in humans for radiation induced solid tumors.
The heart, in contrast, doesnt get exposed to many carcinogens, just those in the blood. That, combined with the fact that the heart cells do not often replicate, is why you dont see much cancer of the heart muscle. Indeed, according to cancer statistics, it does not appear to occur at any measurable rate.
This is a fact: certain parts of our body are far more vulnerable to cancer than others. Thus, cancers of the brain, heart, pancreas and small intestine are relatively rare compared with breast, skin, colon and prostate cancer. But why does such heterogeneity exist between different organs?
Two examples of highly radiosensitive cancers are leukemia (cancer of the blood cells) and lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system). Radiation therapy is most effective when a tumor is contained, easily accessible, and located away from major organs of the body.
Lead: The Go-To Material for X-rays and Gamma Rays
Lead's high density (11.34 grams per cubic centimeter) makes it an effective barrier against x-ray and gamma radiation.
Alpha particles pose no direct or external radiation threat; however, they can pose a serious health threat if ingested or inhaled., beta particles. Some beta particles are capable of penetrating the skin and causing damage such as skin burns. Beta-emitters are most hazardous when they are inhaled or swallowed.
Alpha particles are the most harmful internal hazard as compared with gamma rays and beta particles. Radioactive materials that emit alpha and beta particles are most harmful when swallowed, inhaled, absorbed, or injected. Gamma rays are the most harmful external hazard.
With the exception of the reproductive system, each is necessary for survival. This article discusses the 11 organ systems, including how they work, what organs they contain, and why they're important.
Certain extremophiles, such as the bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans and the tardigrades, can withstand large doses of ionizing radiation on the order of 5,000 Gy.
An internally deposited radioactive element may concentrate in, and thus irradiate, certain organs more than others. Radioiodine, for example, collects in the thyroid gland, whereas radium and strontium accumulate chiefly in the bones.
Types of cancer that are treated with radiation therapy
Brachytherapy is most often used to treat cancers of the head and neck, breast, cervix, prostate, and eye. A systemic radiation therapy called radioactive iodine, or I-131, is most often used to treat certain types of thyroid cancer.
Tumors which react favorably to radiation are termed radiosensitive; on the other hand, malignant growths which seem stubborn to radiant energy are looked upon as radioresistant.
Lymphocytes (white blood cells) and cells which produce blood are constantly regenerating, and are, therefore, the most sensitive. Reproductive and gastrointestinal cells are not regenerating as quickly and are less sensitive. The nerve and muscle cells are the slowest to regenerate and are the least sensitive cells.
The most radiosensitive organs in humans are the testes and the ovaries. The other highly radiosensitive cells are the lymphocytes (one of the white blood cells). Every cell in the body would be killed by Therapeutic Radiation(X-rays, electrons, protons, carbon ions) at appropriate doses.
Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers thanks to the HPV vaccine. HPV, or the human papillomavirus, causes 99% of all cervical cancers. The HPV vaccine, which is given in 2 doses, targets 9 different types of the virus.
1.1. Which cancer has the lowest survival rate? There are 6 cancers with low survival rates: lung cancer, liver cancer, brain cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon and rectal cancer. According to experts, the above 6 cancers have low survival rates mainly because these diseases are difficult to recognize.
Most Dangerous Cancers Explained. Lung and bronchial cancer causes more deaths in the U.S. than any other type of cancer in both men and women. Although survival rates have increased over the years due to improved treatments, the outlook is still bleak. The five-year survival rate is only 22%.
Which Type of Cancer Spreads the Fastest? The fastest-moving cancers are pancreatic, brain, esophageal, liver, and skin. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most dangerous types of cancer because it's fast-moving and there's no method of early detection.
Noninvasive cancer stays in the original tissue and does not spread around the body. Different types of cancer, such as breast, skin, and testicular cancers, can be noninvasive. Usually, doctors find noninvasive cancer easier to treat than the invasive type of the condition.
Benign bone tumors are non-cancerous and not typically life threatening. There are many types of benign bone tumors. The most common types include non-ossifying fibroma, unicameral (simple) bone cyst, osteochondroma, giant cell tumor, enchondroma, and fibrous dysplasia.