PCOS is triggered by a complex mix of genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors, with insulin resistance and hormonal imbalance (especially high androgens/LH) being central, often worsened by obesity, poor diet, and inflammation, leading to disrupted ovulation and PCOS symptoms. While the exact cause isn't known, a strong family link suggests genetic predisposition, but environmental influences like air pollution and gut health also play a role.
Factors that might play a role include:
Dysmenorrhea, abdominal, and pelvic pain are common experiences in women with PCOS, in the absence of pelvic-related conditions that can contribute to this type of pain such as pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, and fibroids.
Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance. This means the body can't use insulin well. Insulin levels build up in the body and may cause higher androgen levels. Obesity can also increase insulin levels and make PCOS symptoms worse.
The first treatment for most women and teens with PCOS is birth control pills or a contraceptive skin patch or vaginal ring. These medications contain female hormones that help protect the uterus and prevent unpredictable bleeding. They also lower androgen levels, reducing excess hair growth and improving acne.
Vitamin D appears to improve reproductive and metabolic impairment in PCOS through its impact on insulin resistance.
If you leave PCOS untreated, the syndrome's symptoms will not only worsen, but you may put yourself at greater risk of developing serious conditions such as heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and endometrial cancer. PCOS itself is not life-threatening, but it can lead to life-threatening complications.
The exact cause of PCOS isn't known but it's thought to be caused by a hormone and metabolic (the chemical reactions in the body's cells that change food into energy) imbalance in the body. PCOS can run in families so if someone in your family has the condition, it's more likely you may have it too.
For many women, PCOS doesn't feel the same every day. Not every woman with PCOS experiences “flare-ups” in the same way, but many describe them as times when symptoms become more noticeable or harder to manage, like breakouts, heavier hair shedding, mood swings or a particularly irregular cycle.
JC: Your symptoms can be vague or mimic symptoms of other conditions, so PCOS can go undiagnosed for a while. There's no single test for it, but a physical exam, ultrasound, and blood tests can help diagnose PCOS.
PCOS is associated with excess androgen (or testosterone) levels, insulin resistance, and inflammation, ALL of which can alter bowel function and contribute to GI conditions like IBS and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (or SIBO).
Exercise Regularly
Regular exercise has many benefits in treating PCOS. It helps you combat obesity by burning calories and building muscle mass, which decreases insulin resistance. Exercise can also help lower cholesterol levels and those of other hormones, such as testosterone.
Studies have shown drinking tea (hot or iced) may help improve PCOS symptoms. Spearmint tea, for example, has been shown to have anti-androgen effects in PCOS and can reduce testosterone. Green tea has anti-inflammatory properties and may even stimulate metabolism.
Multiple genes contribute to your risk, but having the genes doesn't mean you'll develop the condition. Environment and lifestyle can play a major role in whether you develop PCOS. Pollutants, hormone levels in the womb, stress, diet, and lifestyle choices can all influence whether or how symptoms appear.
To help ease the effects of PCOS , try to:
A medicine called clomifene may be the first treatment recommended for women with PCOS who are trying to get pregnant. Clomifene encourages the monthly release of an egg from the ovaries (ovulation). If clomifene is unsuccessful in encouraging ovulation, another medicine called metformin may be recommended.
Diet for PCOS: What to Avoid
It is a genetic condition that some people are predisposed to have, and weight gain can make it worse. Thin patients can have PCOS, and their condition often goes undiagnosed because they aren't obese. There certainly are issues such as insulin resistance that are common in PCOS patients—even those of normal weight.
Stage 4: Advanced PCOS with Associated Complications. In the final stage, PCOS may lead to more severe complications, often requiring more intensive medical management. Long-term risks associated with advanced PCOS include: Endometrial hyperplasia (thickening of the uterine lining)
Women with PCOS appear to be at increased risk for developing cancer of the endometrium (lining of the uterus) later in life. From your teens through menopause, all women experience a monthly buildup of the endometrial lining in the uterus, as the body prepares itself for the potential of a fertilized egg.
The group with PCOS had been diagnosed at a mean age of 27 years. The mean follow-up time was 13.1 years in both groups, during which 1,003 controls and 177 women with PCOS died. The mean age at death was 51.4 years for the PCOS group versus 52.6 years for the control women, a significant difference (P < . 001).
Although it can be completely normal to experience irregular periods during the first few years of menstruation, many women with PCOS may have cycles that are longer than 35 days or absent altogether. This is opposed to an average menstrual cycle, which typically lasts between 21-35 days with bleeding lasting 2-7 days.
Common symptoms of PCOS include: irregular periods or no periods at all. difficulty getting pregnant (because of irregular ovulation or no ovulation) excessive hair growth (hirsutism) – usually on the face, chest, back or buttocks.
Some experts think that these women most likely have PCOS without all of the usual signs and symptoms. Hirsutism is very common, affecting 5% - 10% of all women. It refers to excess dark, thick hair in areas where women usually don't have much hair. Light hair (blonde or white) is not considered to be hirsutism.