Training a therapy dog should begin early with socialization around 8–12 weeks, but formal training for certification typically starts at 9–12 months, with full certification usually occurring at or after 12 months. While foundational obedience and socialization begin in puppyhood, they are not ready for "visiting" until they mature.
The 3-3-3 rule for dogs is a widely used guideline that outlines how a dog typically progresses during the first 3 days, 3 weeks, and 3 months in a new home. While every dog is unique, this rule helps adopters set realistic expectations during the early adjustment phases.
The "10 10 10 rule" for dogs refers to two main concepts: a potty training method for puppies (10 mins outside, 10 ft space, 10 mins supervision/reward) and the 80/10/10 guideline for raw feeding (80% muscle meat, 10% bone, 10% organ), both offering structure for training or diet. Another interpretation is the 10% rule for treats, limiting them to 10% of daily calories to maintain a balanced diet, ensuring most nutrition comes from complete dog food.
The most important thing for a therapy animal is that they like meeting new people. They shouldn't just be ok with going on visits: they should have fun and have better lives because of it. So, animals that are excited to interact with strangers of all ages and backgrounds could be a great fit for this work.
The 777 Puppy Rule (or Rule of 7s) is a guideline for puppy socialization, suggesting that by seven weeks old, a puppy should experience seven different Surfaces, seven different Sounds, seven different Objects, seven different People, seven different Locations, seven different Containers, and seven different Challenges, all in positive, short, and safe ways to build confidence and resilience. It helps prevent fear and reactivity by creating positive associations with novel experiences during the critical socialization window (around 4-16 weeks).
Red flag puppy behaviors signal serious issues beyond normal puppy antics, including aggression (growling, snapping, biting, lunging), extreme fear/anxiety (intense cowering, hiding, refusing treats, constant escape attempts, shutting down), resource guarding (guarding food/toys with aggression), and severe separation anxiety (destructive behavior when alone). Recognizing these early and seeking professional help from a trainer or vet is crucial, as these often stem from trauma or lack of socialization and won't just disappear with age.
The hardest months with a puppy often fall into two challenging phases: 3-5 months (teething/juvenile), marked by intense nipping, regression, and sleep disruption, and the adolescent period (around 6-18 months), when hormones kick in, leading to boundary testing, leash pulling, and independence, making consistency crucial. While the early teething phase tests patience with sleep deprivation and biting, adolescence brings stubbornness and new behavioral issues as they become "teenagers".
A therapy dog needs to be bomb-proof and should never shy away, startle or even start barking frantically when working. If your dog has an ingrained fear, therapy work is not for him.
Popular Breeds That Make Good Therapy Dogs
The "heartbreak breed" typically refers to the Great Dane, nicknamed this due to their loving nature combined with a significantly shorter lifespan (around 7-10 years) and predisposition to serious heart issues like Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). Other breeds, like the Bernese Mountain Dog, are also called "heartbreak" dogs because of high cancer risks, while some owners find giant breeds or those with specific conditions, like Cavaliers and Pugs (heart issues), or Irish Wolfhounds (DCM), heartbreaking due to their health and mortality, despite their sweet disposition.
The hardest "commandment" (command) to teach a dog is often considered Recall ("Come"), due to powerful natural instincts to explore or play, followed by impulse control commands like "Leave It/Drop It", and complex obedience actions like the "Finish" (positioning at the handler's side) or "Heel", requiring intense focus and self-control, especially with distractions like other dogs or interesting sights/smells.
An hour for a dog feels much longer than an hour for a human because dogs perceive time more slowly due to their faster metabolism and heightened awareness of routines, so a 10-minute wait can feel like 70 minutes to them, and your hour-long absence feels like an eternity, though they don't grasp clock time but rather the intervals between events like meals, walks, and your return.
Dogs have a simple stomach anatomy, just like humans.
After 8 to 10 hours, an empty stomach begins to send signals to the brain that stimulate a hunger response. For this reason, at least two meals per day are best for your dog.
The most commonly surrendered dog type is the "pit bull type" (including mixes), often due to negative stereotypes, breed-specific legislation, and high energy levels, followed by other popular breeds like German Shepherds, Huskies, and Labrador Retrievers that may not fit owner lifestyles. Breeds like Staffordshire Bull Terriers (especially mixes) also top surrender lists in some regions like Australia.
Ethology-Based Training
Techniques such as scent work, which taps into a dog's natural foraging instincts, and structured play that mimics predatory behaviors are becoming more prevalent, offering a more natural and fulfilling training experience for dogs.
It's never too late to start training. Training a mature or geriatric dog has advantages: Strengthens Your Bond: As you work with your dog you establish a deeper bond, and your dog learns to trust you. Improved Behavior: Training extinguishes inappropriate behavior patterns and establishes good behavior.
Here are six signs your pet would be a good therapy dog:
Popular Low-Maintenance Dog Breeds for Busy Owners
So, let's find out which are the 7 top dog breeds used for therapy:
With the right training, those dogs who love to be around people and are comfortable with novel items and noises can make great therapy dogs. Wherever possible, training should begin from being a puppy, however there are many cases where rescue dogs have made fantastic therapy dogs too.
Diagnosis of a Mental Health Condition: To qualify for a stress and anxiety service dog, you must have a documented diagnosis of a mental health condition such as PTSD, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, or another qualifying condition. This diagnosis must come from a licensed mental health professional.
The 10-10-10 rule for puppy potty training is a specific routine: 10 minutes outside in the designated potty spot, staying 10 feet away from the house/play area, followed by 10 minutes of focused supervision indoors to prevent accidents before the next potty break, creating a consistent cycle for success. This method ensures the puppy has ample time to eliminate and minimizes mistakes by closely monitoring them afterward, reinforcing good habits consistently.
"Red Flags":
This is especially problematic if it is associated with growling, stiffening of body postures, or a snarling display of teeth. These behaviors indicate fear or pain and should be evaluated to make sure there is not a major underlying problem.
Puppy difficulty at ages 7-10 months
Many owners are totally blindsided by this next phase. It can vary a bit based on each dog, but your puppy likely will hit “adolescence” around 7-10 months, with 8-9 months being the peak described by most owners.
The 3-second rule for puppies (and dogs) is a guideline for positive greetings and interactions, suggesting initial meetings or petting sessions last no more than three seconds before pausing, allowing the dog to choose to re-engage, which helps build confidence, reduce overstimulation, and prevent negative reactions like fear or aggression. It teaches dogs that social contact is on their terms, using short, controlled sniff-and-greet intervals (3 seconds), then disengaging, and repeating as needed, while also being used for petting to let dogs signal they want more.