How should I support a person feeling agitated or restless? Try to reassure the person you are caring for and encourage them to tell you why they feel anxious. You may need to go through a process of trial and error to work out why the person you are caring for is agitated or restless.
Melatonin. Melatonin supplements are used to improve sleep, and may, theoretically, prevent the progression of dementia. Omega-3 fatty acid. Found in fish oil supplements, this fatty acid is thought to have many potential benefits for the brain.
But common ones that can ease agitation include: Medicines that treat paranoia and confusion, called neuroleptics or antipsychotics. Examples of these are aripiprazole (Abilify), haloperidol (Haldol), olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), risperidone (Risperdal), and ziprasidone (Geodon).
It is recommended that people with Alzheimer's should NOT take anticholinergic drugs. These drugs are used to treat many medical problems such as sleeping problems, stomach cramps, incontinence, asthma, motion sickness, and muscle spasms. Side effects, such as confusion, can be serious for a person with Alzheimer's.
Offer different types of drink throughout the day such as tea, coffee, hot and cold milky drinks, fruit juice or smoothies, soup, squash and water. Make sure the cup or glass is suitable – not too heavy or a difficult shape.
Set a quiet, peaceful mood in the evening to help the person relax. Keep the lights low, try to reduce the noise levels, and play soothing music if he or she enjoys it. Try to have the person go to bed at the same time each night. A bedtime routine, such as reading out loud, also may help.
Melatonin might help improve sleep and reduce sundowning in people with dementia. Provide proper light. Bright light therapy in the evening can lessen sleep-wake cycle disturbances in people with dementia.
It can occur at any stage of the disease but it tends to peak in the middle stages of dementia and lessens as the disease progresses.
Many people with dementia become restless and may fidget or pace up and down. They may constantly wring their hands, pull at their clothes or touch themselves inappropriately in public. This could be because of pain or discomfort, needing the toilet, a need for more physical activity or problems with their environment.
Playing music, having objects to touch and interact with, and hand massage can all help people with dementia in the later stages. Playlist for Life is a music and dementia charity. It promotes how music with personal meaning can help people with dementia.
Some of the more common triggers for dementia like a change in environment, having personal space invaded, or being emotionally overwhelmed may be easier to handle if you mentally practice your response before you react.
The bottom line
To decrease agitation and aggression in people with dementia, nondrug options are more effective than medications. Physical activity, touch and massage, and music can all be used as tools to manage agitation related to dementia.
Low lighting can increase shadows, which may cause the person to become confused by what they see. They may experience hallucinations and become more agitated. Noticing stress or frustration in those around them may cause the person living with dementia to become stressed as well.
Possible Causes
One possibility is that Alzheimer's-related brain changes can affect a person's “biological clock,” leading to confused sleep-wake cycles. This may result in agitation and other sundowning behaviors. Other possible causes of sundowning include: Being overly tired.
The primary cause of sleepless nights for those with dementia seems to be the changes that take place in the brain. Leading experts believe that as dementia changes brain cells, it also affects a person's circadian rhythms. When circadian rhythms get disrupted, the individual often confuses morning and evening.
Ice cream brings people with dementia to happier, warmer times when the treat was shared with friends and loved ones at special, joyous occa- sions. Ice cream has the power to immediately elicit soothing feelings at the very first taste of a single spoon-full.
Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals found in bananas help preserve nerve tissue against neurotoxins, which deteriorate nervous tissue when exposed to its substance. This may also help in preventing neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
What is Souvenaid? Souvenaid is a nutritional supplement¹ containing nutrients important for the formation of synapses in the brain (the connections between brain cells that are vital for learning and memory). The company that makes Souvenaid recommend that Souvenaid is taken as a once-daily 125ml drink.
Administration: The examiner reads a list of 5 words at a rate of one per second, giving the following instructions: “This is a memory test. I am going to read a list of words that you will have to remember now and later on. Listen carefully. When I am through, tell me as many words as you can remember.
Cholinesterase inhibitors (Aricept®, Exelon®, Razadyne®)
The cholinesterase inhibitors most commonly prescribed are: Donepezil (Aricept®): approved to treat all stages of Alzheimer's disease.
Physical activity. Doing regular physical activity is one of the best ways to reduce your risk of dementia. It's good for your heart, circulation, weight and mental wellbeing. You might find it difficult to start being more physically active, or worry it means doing an activity you don't enjoy.