Anthropologists suggest that this is not a uniquely human pattern. Azar Gat, for example, has argued that war is not unique to human civilizations and that violence arises when any primates—baboons, chimpanzees, gelada monkeys—come into competition for resources.
There is no scientific proof that humans are hardwired to go to war, says R. Brian Ferguson, professor of anthropology at Rutgers University-Newark. War, he says, may not be in our nature at all. "If the idea that war is part of human nature is not scientifically supported, alternative futures open up.
War not unavoidable part of human nature
Broadly, early finds provide little if any evidence suggesting war was a fact of life” in the vast majority of human existence, so it cannot be hard-wired into us. “Humans have always had a capacity to make war, if conditions and culture so dictate,” he says.
Most people who hear the question “is a world without war possible” probably answer “no.” The history of humanity can be told as a history of war. From the classical age through the dark ages and into the middle ages, the renaissance, and modern history, warfare has always been a significant part of human history.
Theories of Warfare
Evolutionary psychologists sometimes suggest that it's natural for human groups to wage war because we're made up of selfish genes that demand to be replicated. So it's natural for us to try to get hold of resources that help us survive, and to fight over them with other groups.
It can be for love, family, power, freedom, sacrifice, and pride are one of the many reason to fight. Also different circumstances can cause people to fight. Things like oppression, race, and cultures can cause confliction with over people.
It has been argued that a nation will go to war if the benefits of war are deemed to outweigh the disadvantages, and if there is a sense that there is not another mutually agreeable solution. More specifically, some have argued that wars are fought primarily for economic, religious, and political reasons.
Others agree with Mead that war is, in her words, a “bad invention” rather than a “biological necessity” or “sociological inevitability.” But whether they see war as springing primarily from nature or nurture, almost all my students answered: No, war will never end.
War is not the only way to bring peace. There are many alternative ways such as negotiating to terms which are reasonable for both the countries and hence resolving the problem.
Wars between ethnic or ideological groups can become forever wars, as such wars are harder to end with a negotiated peace deal due to the different interests of the two sides. An additional barrier may arise in the case of religious wars if one or both parties believe that the other must be destroyed.
Abstract. The importance of warfare for human evolution is hotly debated in anthropology. Some authors hypothesize that warfare emerged at least 200,000-100,000 years BP, was frequent, and significantly shaped human social evolution.
Historians believe the first war in recorded history took place in Mesopotamia in 2,700 B.C. between the forces of Sumer and Elam.
While some war studies scholars consider war a universal and ancestral aspect of human nature, others argue it is a result of specific socio-cultural, economic, or ecological circumstances.
War has an enduring nature that demonstrates four continuities: a political dimension, a human dimension, the existence of uncertainty and that it is a contest of wills. Clausewitz, author of the most comprehensive theory of war, provided a description of war's enduring nature in the opening chapter of On War.
A war is only just if it is fought for a reason that is justified, and that carries sufficient moral weight. The country that wishes to use military force must demonstrate that there is a just cause to do so. The main just cause is to put right a wrong.
"Warfare is Only an Invention -- Not a Biological Necessity."
The starting point is the absence of war. Where there is war, there is no peace. But the absence of war in a given place does not always mean that there is peace. Peace is understood here as a process in which the absence of war is the beginning of a path.
When peace and harmony are maintained, things will continue to run smoothly without any delay. Moreover, it can be a saviour for many who do not wish to engage in any disrupting activities or more. In other words, while war destroys and disrupts, peace builds and strengthens as well as restores.
War kills, injures and disables the very people who must carry it out. It causes high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and can lead to moral injury as well – namely, the deep shame, guilt, anger or anxiety experienced by soldiers as a result of killing or harming others. Some soldiers may commit suicide.
The longest war in history is believed to be the Reconquista (Spanish for Reconquest), with a duration of 781 years.
Animal groups do compete over resources, sometimes in an organized way, but “war” implies something more formal, Dan Dembiec, supervisor of mammals at the Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens, says via email. Bottom line? The term "war" is “inappropriate to describe conflict in the non-human animal kingdom,” he says.
Estimates for the total number killed in wars throughout all of human history range from 150 million to 1 billion. War has several other effects on population, including decreasing the birthrate by taking men away from their wives.
In increasing the power of governments, war has also brought progress and change, much of which we would see as beneficial: an end to private armies, greater law and order, in modern times more democracy, social benefits, improved education, changes in the position of women or labor, advances in medicine, science and ...
War destroys communities and families and often disrupts the development of the social and economic fabric of nations. The effects of war include long-term physical and psychological harm to children and adults, as well as reduction in material and human capital.
enemy. The three pure types of war may be called absolute war, instru- mental war, and agonistic fighting. Absolute war is unrestricted and unregulated war, agonistic fighting is regulated according to norms, and instrumental war may or may not be restricted, according to considerations of expediency.