"Borderline autism" isn't a formal diagnosis but describes mild autism traits, involving subtle social communication difficulties (like small talk, eye contact), intense interests, sensory sensitivities, strong need for routine, and trouble with change, where individuals function well but may feel "slightly different" or exhausted socially, often masking symptoms until later in life.
A: While BPD and autism share challenges in social interaction and emotional regulation, they differ in their core characteristics, with BPD involving emotional instability and interpersonal difficulties, while autism primarily features difficulties in social communication and repetitive behaviors.
For example, difficulties in emotion regulation are a hallmark of BPD but they can also occur in autism. Similarly, repetitive behaviors, a characteristic feature of autism, can sometimes be mistaken for impulsivity seen in BPD.
Main signs of autism
finding it hard to understand what others are thinking or feeling. getting very anxious about social situations. finding it hard to make friends or preferring to be on your own. seeming blunt, rude or not interested in others without meaning to.
Among doctors and other professionals in the field, borderline autism is sometimes referred to as ASD level 12. It signifies that the child exhibits some of the major autism characteristics but not enough that would necessitate a full ASD diagnosis according to the DSM-5 criteria.
Around 90% of autism cases are attributed to genetic factors, meaning autism is highly heritable, with many different genes contributing, rather than a single cause, often interacting with environmental influences during early brain development, though specific environmental factors don't cause it but can increase risk. Twin studies show strong genetic links, with concordance rates between 60-90% in identical twins, and research points to complex interactions of many genes and prenatal/perinatal factors.
The "6-second rule" for autism is a communication strategy where a speaker pauses for about six seconds after asking a question or giving information, giving the autistic person extra time to process it without feeling rushed, which helps reduce anxiety and allows for a more thoughtful response, reducing frustration for both parties. Instead of repeating or rephrasing, which can be confusing, you wait, and if needed, repeat the exact same words after the pause.
Asperger's Syndrome is often considered the mildest form of autism due to its characteristics, such as no significant language development delay, average to above-average intelligence, and a desire for social interaction, despite challenges in social skills.
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Signs of Borderline Autism in Adults
Adults with borderline autism typically feel most confident when their typical routine is stuck to and there are no changes. Symptoms that reflect ADHD regarding executive functioning, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity.
The "3 C's of BPD" typically refer to advice for loved ones of someone with Borderline Personality Disorder, reminding them: "I didn't cause it, I can't cure it, I can't control it," to help set boundaries and avoid taking on undue responsibility for the person's actions or illness. Another set of "C's" describes core BPD traits for individuals: Clinginess (fear of abandonment), Conflict (intense relationships/moods), and Confusion (unstable self-image).
If you have low support needs (high-functioning autism), you may have symptoms such as: Not making direct eye contact. Having a hard time making friends (or preferring to be alone) Not understanding social “rules” or norms.
Masking and Personality Disorders
People with BPD often hide intense emotions to avoid conflict or rejection. This might look like: Suppressing anger or distress. Changing opinions or behavior to match others.
Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder
The different types of autism include autism spectrum disorder (ASD), autistic disorder (classic autism), Asperger's syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), and Rett syndrome.
As your personality continues to evolve throughout childhood and adolescence, providers don't typically diagnose BPD until after age 18.
In autistic people this can result in a meltdown (the equivalent of the 'fight' response) which is often mistaken for a temper tantrum. Meltdowns can be expressed verbally (eg, shouting, growling, or crying), physically (eg, kicking or flapping) or a mixture of both ways.
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The three main symptom areas for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are persistent difficulties with social communication and interaction, restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, and often, different ways of learning, moving, or paying attention, all of which impact daily functioning. These core characteristics vary greatly but center on social connection challenges, rigid routines or repetitive actions, and sensory sensitivities.
People with borderline autism show some signs, like trouble with emotional regulation and social communication. But, they do not meet the full criteria needed for a formal diagnosis. This is also called mild autism or high-functioning autism by some people.
There is not just one cause of ASD. Many different factors have been identified that may make a child more likely to have ASD, including environmental, biologic, and genetic factors.
However, a person can be mildly autistic. Mildly autistic people are unable to understand the body language or emotions (sarcasm, pain, and anger) of the people around them. However, they have normal intelligence and can carry out their day-to-day activities.
Chinning is a form of repetitive self-stimulatory behavior (stimming) that you may notice in children or adults with autism. It involves pressing, rubbing, or holding the chin against objects, surfaces, or even hands to gain sensory input or comfort.
In general, people who have an active lifestyle are much more emotionally resilient and focused. There also seems to be some evidence that physical exercise helps people with depression and ADHD, which are commonly co-occurring conditions with autism.
Children with autism may exhibit rigidity, inflexibility and certain types of repetitive behavior such as: Insistence on following a specific routine. Having difficulty accepting changes in the schedule. A strong preoccupation with a particular interest.