A colonoscopy is a quick and generally painless procedure that allows for the full examination of the entire inner lining of your bowel (colon and rectum).
If your doctor recommends you have a colonoscopy, don't worry. You may think it's going to be a terrible procedure, but it won't be. Most likely you won't even be awake to remember it. (Most people consider the preparation for the procedure to be the worst part.)
The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy estimates that only three in 1,000 colonoscopies leads to serious complications. But even when serious complications arise, it is exceedingly rare that they are life-threatening, and doctors are well-trained to treat any complications with proven methods.
Here's what we know: As often as 40% of the time, a precancerous polyp — frequently a type called an adenoma — is found during a screening colonoscopy. Colon cancer is found during only in about 40 out of 10,000 screening colonoscopies, Dr. Sand said.
Colonoscopies are not only an important screening tool, but actually preventive because they can detect precancerous polyps—abnormal growths in the colon or rectum—which can then be removed before they turn into cancer. “Not everyone needs to take the day off and come into the hospital to get a scope.”
Colonoscopy is one method of screening for colorectal cancer. Other methods are also effective and available. Alternatives to colonoscopy include sigmoidoscopy, which is a less invasive form of colonoscopy, and noninvasive methods, such as stool sample testing.
In 2018, 67.0% of U.S. adults aged 50–75 years met the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for colorectal cancer screening; 60.6% had a colonoscopy in the past 10 years. An estimated 11.3% had either a gFOBT or FIT within the past 1 year, or had a FIT DNA test in the past 3 years.
Colon cancer, or cancer that begins in the lower part of the digestive tract, usually forms from a collection of benign (noncancerous) cells called an adenomatous polyp. Most of these polyps will not become malignant (cancerous), but some can slowly turn into cancer over the course of about 10-15 years.
Regular screening, beginning at age 45, is the key to preventing colorectal cancer and finding it early. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (Task Force) recommends that adults age 45 to 75 be screened for colorectal cancer. The Task Force recommends that adults age 76 to 85 talk to their doctor about screening.
After a colonoscopy, eat foods that are soft and easy to digest to ease side effects such as bloating or gas. This may include eggs, white toast, and applesauce for breakfast. For lunch or dinner, choices could include lean chicken without skin, mashed potatoes, and soft-cooked carrots.
Complications related to colonoscopy include, but are not limited to, the following: Continued bleeding after biopsy (tissue sample) or polyp removal. Nausea, vomiting, bloating or rectal irritation caused by the procedure or by the preparatory bowel cleansing.
A colonoscopy is not your only option for screening for colon cancer. Other screening methods are sigmoidoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, a fecal immunochemical test, a fecal occult blood test, or a stool DNA test.
Bleeding is one of the most common complications of colonoscopy, accounting for 0.3-6.1% of cases[35,36].
Let me just put that fear to rest: there is NOTHING about a colonoscopy that will hurt. NOTHING. First of all, the majority of our patients elect to have IV sedation, which means you won't even be awake or remember the procedure.
The #1 fear we hear from people facing their first colonoscopy is that they think it will hurt. People are worried that they'll experience pain or have bleeding and other post-procedure effects. There is nothing about a colonoscopy that will hurt. The majority of our patients elect to have IV sedation.
Embarrassment and not having enough knowledge about the procedure are two factors that cause anxiety around colonoscopies, says Dr. Deepak Agrawal, a gastroenterologist and an associate professor with the UT Southwestern Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine. "Embarrassment is probably more cultural," he says.
Almost all colonoscopies in the United States are performed with patients under a level of sedation or anesthesia that prevents them from feeling anything. Often, patients are asleep for the entire procedure.
During the procedure itself, your colonoscopy will not be painful at all. Most patients cannot even feel the tube when it is inside of them, and there is no pain during the post-procedure process. There are a few side effects that may occur after the procedure, which include: Distention.
A colonoscopy procedure typically takes 30-60 minutes, depending on whether the doctor needs to remove polyps or take biopsies. However, patients and caregivers should plan to spend 2-3 hours total at the hospital or endoscopy center to account for the time needed for preparation and recovery.
Approximately 6% of colorectal cancers are diagnosed within 3 to 5 years after the patient received a colonoscopy, according to findings from a recent population-based study.
But only about 4 out of 10 colorectal cancers are found at this early stage. When cancer has spread outside the colon or rectum, survival rates are lower.
In most cases, colon and rectal cancers grow slowly over many years. Most of those cancers start as a growth called a polyp.
Colonoscopy is considered by many to be the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening.
One of the risks of not having a colonoscopy is that tumors may go undetected. These tumors can grow and become cancerous, so it's important to have regular screenings to check for any abnormalities. If a tumor is detected, surgery may be necessary to remove it.
Nearly all cases of colorectal cancer develop from polyps. They start in the inner lining of the colon and most often affect the left side of the colon and rectum. Detection and removal of polyps through colonoscopy reduces the risk of colorectal cancer.