Most abscesses are caused by a bacterial infection. When bacteria enter your body, your immune system sends infection-fighting white blood cells to the affected area. As the white blood cells attack the bacteria, some nearby tissue dies, creating a hole which then fills with pus to form an abscess.
The wound will take about 1 to 2 weeks to heal, depending on the size of the abscess. Healthy tissue will grow from the bottom and sides of the opening until it seals over.
Gently clean out all loose debris with a Q-tip or washcloth. If your wound is not draining much, moisten a piece of gauze with saline, and gently place gauze into the deepest part of the wound. Do not pack tightly, but do keep the wound edges from touching, so that the wound can heal from the inside out.
Incision and drainage
Once all of the pus has been removed, the surgeon will clean the hole that is left by the abscess using sterile saline (a salt solution). The abscess will be left open but covered with a wound dressing, so if any more pus is produced it can drain away easily.
It may appear red, raised and swollen. The skin over the center of the abscess may be thin. It may look yellow or white because there's pus underneath the surface of your skin. The abscess may feel tender and warm to the touch.
If the abscess opens on its own and drains, and the infection seems to clear up in a couple of days, your body should heal on its own. If it doesn't, it's time to call your doctor's office.
Abscess-Drainage Procedure
Once located, the abscess is typically drained with an aspiration needle but, because it is likely to refill, surgery, which is performed under general anesthesia, is usually also necessary.
If an abscess is small, antibiotics may work but will not be effective in most cases. Sometimes draining the pus with a needle can help but the pus may come back.
Bathing It is safe to shower one day after surgery. Simply let water run into the incision and pat the area dry. It is important to let the water get inside the wound as this will promote healing. Please shower prior to each dressing change if possible.
Showering is preferable to bathing, so that the wound does not 'soak' in water. Do not use soap, shower gel, body lotion, talcum powder or other bathing products directly over your healing wound; and do not rub the area, as this might be painful and could delay healing.
If it was a large abscess it may need several packing changes every 2-3 days, but if it was small it may not need any packing changes. Take all your antibiotics if you were prescribed them – don't stop early.
Gentle cleaning with soap and water before applying a fresh dressing is usually recommended. If any topical products are involved, you will also receive instructions on how to use these. Warm compresses might be recommended for managing pain after an abscess drainage, usually 3-4 times a day.
For all abscesses: Keep the area covered with a gauze dressing, which should be changed if it gets dirty. Use warm compresses to the area, at least 4 times a day.
If the abscess contains packing gauze, instruct the patient to remove packing material and repack the abscess every 1 to 2 days until the abscess cavity has resolved and packing materials can no longer be inserted into the abscess.
This retrospective data suggests that abscesses greater than 0.4 cm in depth from the skin surface may require a drainage procedure. Those less than 0.4 cm in depth may not require a drainage procedure and may be safely treated with antibiotics alone.
As the white blood cells attack the bacteria, some nearby tissue dies, creating a hole which then fills with pus to form an abscess. The pus contains a mixture of dead tissue, white blood cells and bacteria.
If you have a fever and swelling in your face and you can't reach your dentist, go to an emergency room. Also go to the emergency room if you have trouble breathing or swallowing. These symptoms may indicate that the infection has spread deeper into your jaw, throat or neck or even to other areas of your body.
Keep your bandage clean and dry. Change the bandage whenever it gets wet or dirty, or at least one time a day. If the abscess was packed with gauze: Keep follow-up appointments to have the gauze changed or removed.
Sometimes this basic treatment is enough for an abscess to resolve. But, if your abscess continues to get bigger and more painful, you'll need to drain it. Here are other signs you may need your abscess drained: It has been more than 1 week, and it's not getting better on its own.
Gently wash the area and apply a fresh bandage two times a day or whenever pus leaks through. Once the boil is fully drained, clean and bandage the area daily until it's healed.
Emergency medical care could be in order if the abscess is accompanied by a fever higher than 101°F or if the abscess measures more than half an inch. If red streaks radiate from a possible infection site, seek medical attention right away.
Is a Tooth Abscess Considered a Dental Emergency? Tooth abscess is absolutely a dental emergency. If you have a tooth abscess, you need to seek treatment immediately. Left untreated, abscess can lead to infection that spreads through the body causing serious and even life-threatening effects.
Once an abscess has formed, noticeable pain and swelling around the affected tooth usually occur. If left untreated, it may take a few more weeks or months for the infection to spread to other tissues and cause complications. However, once this has happened, death can occur quickly.
If the drainage is thin and clear, it's serum, also known as serous fluid. This is typical when the wound is healing, but the inflammation around the injury is still high. A small amount of serous drainage is normal. Excessive serous fluid could be a sign of too much unhealthy bacteria on the surface of the wound.