Anakin is stunned by images of his dark future as Darth Vader. The Son promises him the power to avert this destiny. The Father recognizes that the Son has broken the rules of time. He wipes Anakin's memory of these future visions and steals the Mortis Dagger to end the conflict.
In The Phantom Menace, when Qui-Gon Jinn meets tiny Anakin Skywalker and his mother, he goes on about how the Force is like, crazy strong with Anakin or whatever, and then asks his mother about Anakin's dad. Shmi Skywalker is pretty clear in her answer: There isn't a father. She was impregnated by the Force.
In The Clone Wars episode “Overlords,” the Father recognised that Anakin Skywalker was the Chosen One who would bring balance to the Force and invited him to assume that role. Anakin said that he would think about it due to his responsibilities and duties to the Jedi Order.
Father erases Anakin's memory of his future to break the hold of the dark side on him, and the two are rejoined by Obi-Wan and Ahsoka at the monastery.
Of course, the Father almost immediately wiped Anakin's memory, because he couldn't very well achieve balance knowing what he knew of his future. That's very interesting, though. It means that the Father knew that Anakin will become Vader, will destroy the Jedi, will literally annihilate whole worlds….
Yoda didn't specifically know how this would go down, or to what degree Anakin would cause it to happen, but he was playing a much longer game by Revenge of the Sith, and that's at least, in part, explained by Yoda's Force connection with Qui-Gon's spirit.
During Palpatine's reign as Emperor, his apprentice's true identity was kept a secret, leaving only a few Star Wars characters aware Anakin was Darth Vader. Besides Obi-Wan, Master Yoda also knew the truth, as well as Ahsoka Tano, R2-D2 and C-3Po, and even Senator Bail Organa.
Every time she speaks, he remembers Padmé. Fighting alongside Sabé reminds him of fighting alongside his wife. While that is certainly painful enough, it's also reminds Vader of the man he used to be, a past he had long ago attempted to kill and bury. However, the memory of Padmé via Sabé won't let his past stay there.
Yoda would have been an excellent role model for Anakin in his time of vulnerability. Yoda even displayed a healthy reactino to strong emotions like anger. He counseled the Scalvi youth not to let violence get the better of them -- lessons Ani desperately needed as he lost his faith in the Jedi's principles.
Anakin Skywalker is the son of Shmi Skywalker, born without a father through the Force. He is the secret husband of Padmé Amidala, the father of Luke Skywalker and Leia Organa, the father-in-law of Han Solo, and the maternal grandfather of Ben Solo.
In his eyes, removing any kind of hindrance (including killing younglings) that would block his path from saving the woman he so deeply loved was the only way. Sadly, his love for her sealed his fate.
He wasn't even eligible. In order to be granted the rank of master, a Jedi Knight must first train their own. Padawan to knighthood. When their Padawan became a Knight, they would then be able to attain the rank.
The canonical comic Star Wars: Darth Vader #7 confirms the younglings' deaths caused Anakin grief, self-loathing, hatred and pain, fueling his descent even further into the dark side.
Midi-chlorian counts were linked to potential in the Force, ranging from normal Human levels of 2,500 per cell to the much higher levels of Jedi. The highest known midi-chlorian count—over 20,000 per cell—belonged to the Jedi Anakin Skywalker, who was believed to have been conceived by the midi-chlorians.
Jocasta worked in the Jedi Archives for decades, and Sidious believes that her precious knowledge will prove useful. A security robot in the Archives identifies Darth Vader as Anakin Skywalker within earshot of Jocasta, and she is shocked.
She had always behaved older than her age and had recently become the youngest Queen of Naboo, but she too was still fairly young in years. Padmé was born in the year 46 BBY on Naboo, and Anakin was born five years later, in the year 41 BBY. That makes Padmé five years older than Anakin.
Yes, when Darth Vader turned back to Anakin Skywalker and sacrifice himself to save his son, he dies and Obi-Wan uses the force to connect with Anakin's spirit. In that time Anakin apologizes to Obi-Wan, desperately asking him to forgive him for everything he has done to him and everybody over the years.
Anakin would have likely been killed by the clone troopers, along with the other Jedi. However, perhaps he would have escaped. He would have taken the pregnant Padme with him. He would have needed to get as far away from the eventual Empire as possible, so perhaps they would have gone with Yoda to Dagobah?
David Porter provides some great philosophical context to why Obi-Wan would not regret leaving Anakin alive, as it was obviously “the will of the Force” that Obi-Wan be unable to finish him off, and “the will of the Force” that Anakin live on to kill Sidious himself in the future.
It wasn't until Bloodline that she began to truly understand Anakin Skywalker, in a situation where she too felt tempted. "She'd always wondered what had led her father to turn to the dark side," Leia reflected, "to become Darth Vader.
Yes, his entire character since then was a self loathing tragic monster who has little reason to care about anything. Betraying Mace Windu instantly made him regret his act of impulse, Padme's death and rejection of his actions later on made it stick.
Padmé was well aware that Anakin had committed dark crimes that would've started his fall to the dark side.
R2-D2 was present when Padmé gave birth to Leia and Luke, so he knew Luke was Anakin's son – but what he didn't know was that Anakin became Darth Vader. In addition to that, Anakin's fall was surely a painful event in R2-D2's life, one that he definitely wouldn't like to remember or even talk about.
Despite seeing Vader as an idol, Kylo conveniently ignored his grandfather's redemption. He was well aware of what happened, and it's likely Luke himself who told Ben about the events of Star Wars: Return of the Jedi.
Reva knows that Anakin Skywalker is Darth Vader because she was one of his targets—a child—during the Order 66 killings that took place during the events of Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith.