People with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are highly sensitive because their brains and bodies have been altered by trauma to remain in a constant state of defense, leading to a heightened "fight or flight" response. This means their bodies are primed to detect and respond to threats, even when none exist in the present environment.
People develop PTSD after experiencing severe trauma, which in turn makes them hypersensitive to stress even in situations completely unlike the original trauma. This hypersensitivity has been linked to two specific kinds of mental processes.
Avoiding situations, places and other things related to the traumatic event. Heightened emotional responses, such as impulsivity or aggressiveness. Persistent difficulties in sustaining relationships.
It's not a permanent state. Nobody is always happy, it's always important to acknowledge the trauma to heal and soon there will be less triggered moments and more peaceful moments and we will feel happiness, gratitude and joy more frequently... think of it as states of being we move through as humans...
As you go through this time with a loved one with PTSD or C-PTSD, some of the most important things to remember are:
Yelling can serve as a powerful trigger for individuals with PTSD, reigniting their traumatic memories and plunging them into a state of overwhelming distress. The aggressive and forceful nature of yelling can mimic the threatening and dangerous situations that caused their PTSD in the first place.
Deficits of empathy in CPTSD. Childhood maltreatment, including various forms of physical, emotional, and sexual, abuse and neglect, significantly harms interpersonal functioning across a person's life, indicating abnormalities in processes related to empathy (Pfaltz et al., 2022; Fares-Otero et al., 2023).
For example, emotional numbing, a key symptom of PTSD, is associated with the disruption of interpersonal functioning when assessed via self-report measures (Beck et al. 2009) and may also disrupt one's ability to empathize with others.
PTSD is more than an emotional struggle — it physically rewires the brain, altering how fear is processed, memories are stored and emotions are regulated. Key brain regions affected include the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminali, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
When our brain then recognises similarities between our present situation and our past trauma (e.g. a colour, smell or noise), it can activate the fight, flight, freeze, flop or friend response, even if we're not currently in danger.
Pete Walker's “Complex Trauma: From Surviving to Thriving,” explores the four F's of complex trauma, fight, flight, freeze, and fawn, to help survivors understand their coping mechanisms and reactions, and begin to work towards actions that may better serve them in their life and relationships.
The symptoms of complex PTSD are similar to symptoms of PTSD, but may also include:
Hyperarousal or “Always being on-guard” Those with C-PTSD often experience hyperarousal, which is a heightened state of alertness. They may constantly feel a sense of threat, so they stay ready to fight or flee at any moment. Even minor occurrences such as a sudden noise or movement could startle them.
Sexual violence, rape, hostage situations, domestic violence, and any other trauma where escape felt impossible can cause a 'simple' hug from someone else to trigger a reminder of that feeling of being trapped – despite the person sometimes desperately wanting a hug, it's just too much for them.
If you have PTSD, you may be more likely to react to any stress with "full activation." You may react as if your life or self were threatened. This automatic response of irritability and anger in those with PTSD can create serious problems in the workplace and in family life.
Signs of PTSD involve re-experiencing the trauma (flashbacks, nightmares), avoiding reminders, experiencing negative thoughts/moods (numbness, guilt, fear), and heightened arousal (irritability, jumpiness, sleep issues), disrupting daily life and relationships, often accompanied by physical reactions like a racing heart or sweating.
Imbalances in neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, have been implicated in both PTSD and depression. These imbalances can affect mood regulation, sleep patterns, and overall emotional well-being.
Supporting someone with PTSD means understanding their unique neural bridges - those fragile connections between trauma and safety. The worst thing to do to someone with PTSD is to destabilize these bridges further through dismissive words, sudden actions, or ignoring their need for stability.
The 2 medicines recommended to treat PTSD in adults are paroxetine and sertraline. Paroxetine and sertraline are both a type of antidepressant known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
Survivors with PTSD may feel distant from others and feel numb. They may have less interest in social or sexual activities. Because survivors feel irritable, on guard, jumpy, worried, or nervous, they may not be able to relax or be intimate. They may also feel an increased need to protect their loved ones.
Childhood neglect or abuse can affect your sensitivity levels as an adult. A portion of empaths I've treated have experienced early trauma such as emotional or physical abuse, or they were raised by alcoholic, depressed, or narcissistic parents.
For example, people living with PTSD may cry more often than others. So, if you've experienced traumatic events, your tears could be a trauma response. This is because PTSD is linked to an overabundance of stress, and crying can be a way to self-soothe.
Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by self-absorption, grandiosity, exploitation of others and lack of empathy. People with that disorder may switch from an overt form, mainly with grandiosity, to a covert presentation, with fears, hypersensitivity and dependence from others.
In conclusion, micro reading is a coping mechanism often tied to trauma, where individuals scan for subtle cues in others to avoid potential harm. While it may feel protective, this behavior can lead to misunderstandings, increased anxiety, and difficulty trusting others.
Loving someone with CPTSD means loving someone who might struggle to receive love. Each moment of patience, gentleness, and understanding helps create a new kind of safety, one they may never have known before. You don't have to be perfect; be real, respectful, and willing to keep showing up is enough.