A potato's cell walls contain pectin, and these pectin chains remain stable when they come into contact with acids. This means that potatoes will remain hard if they are in a dish that has a lot of acid (for example, a dish you've added wine to). Salt is needed to dissolve these pectin chains.
Lumpy mashed potatoes generally mean undercooked potatoes. If you get to this point and you realize you've undercooked your potatoes, just add a little bit of milk or cream and cook the potatoes over a low heat until the lumps begin to soften.
The oven is too hot.
If you need to speed that up, bump it to 450°F for 45 minutes. (Note: Your baking time will vary depending on the size of your potato and how hot your oven runs.) But don't go hotter than that.
If your baked potato is still hard after an hour, it was likely not baked at a high enough temperature or for long enough. To ensure that a baked potato is fully cooked, it should be baked at 400°F (200°C) for 45 minutes to an hour, or until a fork can easily pierce the skin. Your oven wasn't hot enough.
Peeled, cubed potatoes cut into small, one-inch pieces should cook in 10 to 12 minutes, once the water reaches a boil. Larger pieces (about 2 inches across) may need longer, around 15 minutes. Medium whole potatoes should boil 20 minutes before they'll be tender.
Lumpy mashed potatoes generally indicate undercooked potatoes. If you get to this point and realize you've undercooked your potatoes, just add a little bit of milk or cream, then cook the potatoes over low heat until the lumps begin to soften.
Bring the water to a boil. Reduce heat to medium low. Cover the pot with a lid and let simmer until fork-tender, about 10-15 minutes for small and/or cubed potatoes or 20-25 minutes for large potatoes. Drain and cool.
Overcooked mashed potatoes can be rescued too
If you find your mashed potatoes are soupier than normal, it's likely because you overcooked them, Buzzfeed says. Overcooked potatoes aren't always dry and hard, as it's possible to overboil a potato too. When you do so, more water is absorbed by the potato.
Parcook in the Microwave
Here's how to do it: Just prick a few holes in a few potatoes with a fork, and microwave on high for 3-4 minutes, turning over once. There you go—super-fast par-cooked potatoes.
What is this? It is not recommended to eat slightly undercooked potatoes as they can contain harmful bacteria and toxins that can cause food poisoning. Potatoes [1] are considered root vegetables and grow underground, which can increase their exposure to soil-borne pathogens such as Escherichia coli (E. coli).
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To scientifically test for perfect baked potato doneness, use an instant-read thermometer to check the internal temperature has reached 208°F to 211°F. At that temperature, the white starch granules will have absorbed all the moisture they can, then burst and become soft.
When cooking potatoes to use in potato salad, add a little vinegar to the water when boiling the potatoes. The vinegar causes the potatoes to form a thin crust, which helps them hold their shape.
Potatoes that are still hard after baking haven't had a high enough heat for long enough to soften the starches in the flesh. Cooking for 15 minutes longer or pre-cooking in the microwave should soften the potato. You may need to check your oven temperature if it is faulty.
For three pounds of potatoes use a 4- to 5-quart pot. Add enough cold water to cover the tops of the potatoes. Add ½ to 1 teaspoon salt to the water. Turn the burner on high and bring water to boiling.
Can You Boil Potatoes For Too Long? Yes. If you boil potatoes for too long, they'll lose their structure and absorb too much water. That means that they'll become mushy, won't have the correct texture, and won't hold their shape.
In short: Yes! Boiling potatoes with the lid on will make them boil faster because trapping in steam makes it warmer inside your pot and allows more water molecules to evaporate away from your spuds.
Visual signs: The potato skin will start to wrinkle when over cooked. The potato, when wrapped in foil or placed on the bottom of a pan will have a dark brown spot on the bottom, a sure sign of over cooking. Foil traps the moisture in the potato causing the skin to be wet and the inside flavorless or gummy.
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The boiling point
Cubed spuds will take around 15 minutes where larger chunks or whole new potatoes will be 20-25 minutes. To check when they are done, pierce the potatoes with the tip of a knife to see how much resistance there is. If it goes in easily, you're done!
Soaking potatoes in water helps remove excess starch. Excess starch can inhibit the potatoes from cooking evenly as well as creating a gummy or sticky texture on the outside of your potatoes. Cold water is used because hot water would react with the starch activating it, making it harder to separate from the potatoes.
You Don't Season the Water
As with pasta water, there's a reason to liberally salt the water in which the potatoes will cook: As the starches in potatoes warm up, they open up and absorb water (and salt if you season the water). When they're finished cooking, the cells close off.
Potatoes soak up a lot of flavor, so salting the water prior to cooking is a good idea for the best taste. And you aren't limited to plain salted water for boiling your potatoes, either.
Here's how to do it: For every pound of potatoes in your mash, drizzle 1 tablespoon of melted butter over the dish and fold it gently into the potatoes. If the mash is still too gluey for your liking, repeat the process with another tablespoon of butter. It's that easy!
All they need is darkness and moisture — making your kitchen or pantry an ideal place to start growing "eyes." But these extra appendages don't mean you have to trash your taters — if they are still firm when you squeeze them, the potatoes can be eaten — once you've removed the sprouts and cooked the potatoes.