Category X Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.
People who get pregnant for the first time after age 35 have high-risk pregnancies. Research suggests they're more likely to have complications than younger people. These may include early pregnancy loss and pregnancy-related health conditions such as gestational diabetes.
Factors Considered for High Risk Pregnancy
Age – less than 15 or more than 38 years. Weight – weight under 100 lb before pregnancy or overweight. Height – under five feet. Difficult pregnancies in the past.
Category B drugs include prenatal vitamins, acetaminophen and several other medications used routinely and safely during pregnancy. If there is a clinical need for a Category B drug, it is considered safe to use it.
Category C
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
Category B
Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Category D:
Drugs in this class may be used in pregnancy if the benefits to the mother outweigh the risk to the fetus (i.e. a life threatening situation or a serious disease for which safer medication cannot be used or are not efficacious). Examples of medications in this class are phenytoin and valproic acid.
Category B3
Drugs which have been taken by only a limited number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age, without an increase in the frequency of malformation or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the human foetus having been observed.
High blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, epilepsy, thyroid disease, heart or blood disorders, poorly controlled asthma, and infections can increase pregnancy risks. Pregnancy complications. Various complications that develop during pregnancy can pose risks.
High-risk complications occur in only 6 percent to 8 percent of all pregnancies. These complications can be serious and require special care to ensure the best possible outcome.
A growing body of research demonstrates that stress before and during pregnancy is associated with poor birth outcomes and subsequent poor health outcomes for children. supports research, programs and policies which address risk factors to prevent stress-related pregnancy complications.
Some medications are dangerous to take while you're pregnant. The risk is highest with FDA Pregnancy Category D or X medications. But that doesn't mean other medications don't have risks as well. Retinoids, warfarin, and certain blood pressure medications are best to avoid during pregnancy.
Classes of drugs that are known to cross the placenta include opiates, benzodiazepines, ephedrine, local anesthetics, beta blockers, barbiturates, and propofol. Drugs that are known to cross the placenta but are generally considered safe include propofol, ketamine, and fentanyl.
Ascorbic acid has been assigned to pregnancy category A by the FDA when used in doses that are advocated by the FDA. Doses exceeding the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) have been assigned to pregnancy category C. Animal studies have not been reported. There are no controlled data in human pregnancy.
FDA classifies various drugs used in pregnancy into five categories, categories A, B, C, D and X. Category A is considered the safest category and category X is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy. This provides therapeutic guidance for the clinician.
It is not until the 34th week of gestation that certain proteins called surfactant are produced in your baby's body. These surfactants are crucial in preventing the lungs from collapsing and facilitate independent breathing. The speed of babies' brain development accelerates rapidly during this time.
Don't freak out. “A one-time dose isn't going to hurt your baby, even if you took it past the 30-week mark,” says Kasper. “The serious and scary side effects of ibuprofen tend to occur with repeated, chronic use of the medication.
Category B2
Drugs which have been taken by only a limited number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age, without an increase in the frequency of malformation or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the human fetus having been observed.
Class C Substances: Usually includes prescription tranquilizers and prescription narcotics such as Clonazepam, diazepam (Valium), and Hydrocodone (Vicodin;) Also mescaline, mushrooms (“psilocybin,”) and similar hallucinogenic drugs. Class D Substances: Usually Marijuana and Phenobarbital.
The most commonly used drugs include antiemetics, antacids, antihistamines, analgesics, antimicrobials, diuretics... read more ).