The brain and nerve cells require a constant supply of oxygen and will die within a few minutes, once you stop breathing. The next to go will be the heart, followed by the liver, then the kidneys and pancreas, which can last for about an hour. Skin, tendons, heart valves and corneas will still be alive after a day.
Even when vascular collapse is the primary event, brain and lung functions stops next. The heart is the last organ to fail. The heart stops following PEA, but PEA is not cardiac arrest. The heart finally stops when it arrives at asystole, which is cardiac arrest (Figure 1).
Organs Deceased Donors Can Donate
A deceased donor can donate and save up to eight lives by donating organs after death. These major organs include the heart, intestines, kidneys, liver, lungs and the pancreas.
Brain death is permanent and irreversible. It is a legal definition of death. However, the vital organs such as the heart, lungs, liver, pancreas and kidneys can be kept viable for a few days if supported by artificial or mechanical support.
Brain dead patients look asleep, but they are not. They do not hear or feel anything, including pain. This is because the parts of the brain that feel, sense, and respond to the world no longer work. In addition, the brain can no longer tell the body to breathe.
But without a ventilator to keep blood and oxygen moving, this beating would stop very quickly, usually in less than an hour, Greene-Chandos said. With just a ventilator, some biological processes — including kidney and gastric functions — can continue for about a week, Greene-Chandos said.
We found that human heart activity often stops and restarts a number of times during a normal dying process. Out of 480 “flatline” signals reviewed, we found a stop-and-start pattern in 67 (14 per cent). The longest that the heart stopped before restarting on its own was four minutes and 20 seconds.
For example, thoracic organs, like the heart and lungs, can only remain viable for transplant after being outside the body for four to six hours, while the liver can function for up to 12 hours and kidneys for up to 36 hours.
Organs are usually transplanted because the recipient's original organs are damaged and cannot function. The brain is the only organ in the human body that cannot be transplanted.
The brain and nerve cells require a constant supply of oxygen and will die within a few minutes, once you stop breathing. The next to go will be the heart, followed by the liver, then the kidneys and pancreas, which can last for about an hour. Skin, tendons, heart valves and corneas will still be alive after a day.
Visions and Hallucinations
Visual or auditory hallucinations are often part of the dying experience. The appearance of family members or loved ones who have died is common. These visions are considered normal. The dying may turn their focus to “another world” and talk to people or see things that others do not see.
Agonal breathing or agonal gasps are the last reflexes of the dying brain. They are generally viewed as a sign of death, and can happen after the heart has stopped beating.
Lungs are the most difficult organ to transplant because they are highly susceptible to infections in the late stages of the donor's life. They can sustain damage during the process of recovering them from the donor or collapse after surgeons begin to ventilate them after transplant.
Brain transplants are a long way from being feasible, and even if the technical challenges could be overcome, there are ethical issues to grapple with. Organ transplantation has come a long way. It's now possible to transplant not just hearts and livers, but functioning uteruses, hands and even faces.
8. The body as a whole may be dead, but certain parts within are still alive. The brain is the first organ to begin to break down, and other organs follow suit.
In Australia the law which allows deceased organ and tissue donation says that a person has died where brain function or circulation of blood in that person's body has permanently stopped. In DCD, organ donation occurs after death where the circulation of blood has permanently stopped.
As organs begin to shut down, most people experience drowsiness and may gradually lose consciousness. Eventually the heart and lungs will stop working and the body dies. Breathing patterns change. A person may breathe more slowly or more quickly.
After death, there is are no reflexes of the pupils to light and the cornea also loses its reflex. The cornea of the deceased also become cloudy after two hours of death. Besides that, the pressure in the eyes start to decrease and the eyeballs become flaccid before it they sink into the orbits of the eyes.
In time, the heart stops and they stop breathing. Within a few minutes, their brain stops functioning entirely and their skin starts to cool. At this point, they have died.
As the blood pools, patches appear on the skin within 30 minutes of death. About two to four hours postmortem, these patches join up, creating large dark purplish areas towards the bottom of the body and lightening the skin elsewhere. This may be less apparent on darker skin. This process is called livor mortis.
The human brain rapidly dissolves after death due to the break down of proteins and putrefaction. Decomposition often occurs within minutes after death, which is quicker than other body tissues, likely because the brain is about 80% water.
A persistent vegetative state means the person has lost higher brain functions, but their undamaged brain stem still allows essential functions like heart rate and respiration to continue. A person in a vegetative state is alive and may recover to some degree, given time.
Elaine died later that year at the age of 43 years and 357 days, having been in a coma for 37 years and 111 days. Esposito's story was brought back into attention in the late 1990s and early 2000s in the controversy surrounding the case of Terri Schiavo, who was in a persistent vegetative state.
Appendix is hardest organ to find, but 45% also can't find their own rectum.