“While there are several types of benign masses that can grow in the bladder, these are uncommon and account for fewer than 1% of bladder masses," says Khurshid Guru, MD, Chair of Roswell Park's Department of Urology.
Some bladder tumors are benign (noncancerous), while others are malignant (cancerous). Malignant bladder tumors – also known as bladder cancer – can spread (metastasize) into other parts of the body.
According to the American Cancer Society, men have an approximately 1 in 28 chance of developing bladder cancer in their lifetime. For women, this chance is about 1 in 91. Age: Most people who get bladder cancer are older in age. The average age at diagnosis is 73, and 90 percent of patients are over age 55.
The benign bladder tumors consist of leiomyomas, fibromyomas, rhabdomyomas, fibromas, osteoma, and myxoma. Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder is a very rare entity but represents the most common histological type of benign bladder tumor. Leiomyoma may occur at any site in the genitourinary tract.
A non-cancerous (benign) tumour of the bladder is a growth that starts in the lining or other tissues of the bladder. A non-cancerous condition is when there is a change to bladder cells. Non-cancerous tumours and conditions do not spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.
Tests for bladder cancer look for different substances and/or cancer cells in the urine. Urinalysis: One way to test for bladder cancer is to check for blood in the urine ( hematuria). This can be done during a urinalysis, which is a simple test to check for blood and other substances in a sample of urine.
The 5-year relative survival rate of people with bladder cancer that has not spread beyond the inner layer of the bladder wall is 96%. Almost half of people are diagnosed with this stage. If the tumor is invasive but has not yet spread outside the bladder, the 5-year relative survival rate is 70%.
Bladder carcinoma (BC) is the most common neoplasm of the urinary system. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common histologic type of BC (approximately 90%). The definition of UC is the invasion of the basement membrane or lamina propria or deeper by neoplastic cells of urothelial origin.
While the majority of bladder tumors are cancerous, there are benign bladder tumors. Some of these benign tumors have a similar appearance to malignant tumors, so the role of biopsy remains very important. Some examples of benign bladder tumors include a bladder papilloma and a nephrogenic adenoma.
The most common risk factor for bladder cancer is cigarette smoking, although smoking cigars and pipes can also raise the risk of developing bladder cancer. Smokers are 4 to 7 times more likely to develop bladder cancer than nonsmokers.
Where can bladder cancer spread to? Not all bladder cancers will spread. But If it does it's most likely to spread to the structures close to the bladder, such as the ureters, urethra, prostate, vagina, or into the pelvis.
Note: 'Bladder carcinoma in situ' is a specific type of bladder cancer. It is an early stage cancer but is always high grade. This means it can grow quickly and might spread.
The general 5-year survival rate for people with bladder cancer (i.e., the percentage of patients who would be expected to survive the effects of their bladder cancer for 5 years or more) is 77%, while the 10-year survival rate is 70% and the 15-year survival rate is 65%1.
In this series, urothelial cancer was detected by random bladder biopsies in 15.8% of the included patients. Of the 100 patients who were diagnosed as low risk NMIBC, including low grade, small size and solitary tumors, concomitant urothelial cancer was detected in 10 (10%) patients by the random biopsies.
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer can often be cured. For muscle-invasive bladder cancer, prognosis also depends on whether carcinoma in situ is also present.
Small-cell carcinoma is extremely rare, accounting for fewer than 1 percent of all bladder cancers diagnosed in the United States. This type of bladder cancer begins in neuroendocrine cells, which are similar to nerves.
Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer that begins in the cells of the bladder. The bladder is a hollow muscular organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine. Bladder cancer most often begins in the cells (urothelial cells) that line the inside of your bladder.
Transurethral bladder tumor resection (TURBT).
During TURBT, a surgeon inserts a cystoscope through the urethra into the bladder. The surgeon then removes the tumor using a tool with a small wire loop, a laser, or high-energy electricity, which is called fulguration.
You may feel the need to urinate frequently for a while after the surgery, but this should improve with time. It may burn when you urinate. Drink lots of fluids to help with the burning. Your urine also may look pink for up to 2 to 3 weeks after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Larger tumor size (>5 cm) is associated with greater length of stay, reoperation, readmission, and death following TURBT. Patients should be counseled appropriately and likely warrant vigilant observation prior to and following hospital discharge.
Bladder cancer begins when healthy cells in the bladder lining—most commonly urothelial cells—change and grow out of control, forming a mass called a tumor. Urothelial cells also line the renal pelvis and ureters and urethra.
Bladder cancer can sometimes come back up to 5, 10, or even 15 years after treatment. This means that if you have been previously diagnosed with bladder cancer, you may be asked to undergo extra surveillance check-ups and monitoring for any recurrence for many years after initial treatment.
N1: The cancer is 2 centimeters (cm) or smaller in a single lymph node. N2: The cancer is larger than 2 cm in a single lymph node, or it has spread to more than 1 lymph node.
The five-year survival rate after cystectomy is about 65 percent.
A mass (tumor) that is found on the bladder— the muscular sac in the pelvic region that stores urine— can sometimes be indicative of bladder cancer.