Methods: We present five representative cases with KD-like presentations: systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, BCGosis, and the recently described multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with the severe ...
The clinical features of Kawasaki disease can be mistaken for other illnesses such as streptococcal or staphylococcal infections (scarlet fever or toxic shock syndrome), parasite or viral infections (leptospirosis, measles, or adenovirus), and drug reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome).
Kawasaki Disease and MIS-C are very similar in clinical presentation and symptomatology. Understanding the diagnostic criteria is crucial to making an accurate diagnosis. Treatments in Kawasaki Disease are established, while in MIS-C treatment protocols are continuing to develop.
Retropharyngeal abscess, phlegmon, or cellulitis. Peritonsillar abscess. Cervical lymphadenitis or deep neck infection. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
Several cases of a severe multi-system inflammatory syndrome have been reported in children during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical manifestations may resemble Kawasaki disease (KD) which is the most common childhood vasculitis. A 7-year-old-girl presented with fever, rash and abdominal pain.
The most significant clinical difference between the 2 conditions is the type of cardiac involvement seen. Whereas the most well-recognized sequelae of KD is coronary artery changes, in MIS-C there is prominent myocardial involvement, with decreased ventricular function seen commonly.
Clinical diagnosis of Kawasaki disease
Red rash (any type of rash and often from day 1, but may disappear). Red conjunctival injection (not purulent or sticky). Red lips and mouth, cracked dry lips. Red hands and feet (peeling comes late after 10 days—too late to prevent aneurysms).
The rash, oral and peripheral changes of scarlet fever are similar to Kawasaki disease, but the lymphadenopathy is more extensive and conjunctivitis is not seen. The rash in scarlet fever normally begins on day 2–3 of the illness, starting in the groins or axillae and rapidly spreading to the trunk, arms and legs.
In conclusion, the multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (also termed Kawasaki-like disease, or Kawa-COVID-19) appears to share clinical, pathogenetic and laboratory features with KD, toxic shock syndrome, and MAS.
Coxsackievirus infection is contagious. Kawasaki disease is an illness associated with fevers that typically affects previously healthy children between 6 months to 5 years of age, and it is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in the developed world.
Kawasaki disease will have a non- purulent conjunctivitis and will be bilateral; the conjunctivitis in adenovirus is purulent. The sed rate in Kawasaki disease is frequently significantly elevated. There may be significantly elevated platelets with Kawasaki disease.
In many affected children, the initial symptom associated with Kawasaki disease is a high fever that typically rises and falls (remittent fever) and lasts for approximately one to two weeks without treatment. In some cases, fever may persist for up to about three to four weeks.
In the United States, children with Kawasaki disease are treated initially with a single dose of IVIG (2 g per kg) and high-dose aspirin (80 to 100 mg per kg per day, divided into four doses).
Kawasaki disease can be hard to diagnose, because there is not a test for it. Your doctor may diagnose Kawasaki disease if both of these things are true: Your child has a fever that lasts at least 5 days. Your child has a few of the other five symptoms of Kawasaki disease.
It is possible that some cases of Kawasaki disease are precipitated by streptococcal infection.
The course of Kawasaki disease can be divided into three clinical phases: acute, subacute and convalescent.
Kawasaki disease (KD), also known as Kawasaki syndrome, is an acute febrile illness of unknown etiology that primarily affects children younger than 5 years of age.
KD is characterized by sentinel features of fever that lasts for at least five days, cervical lymphadenopathy, bilateral conjunctivitis, oral mucosal changes, polymorphous rash, and swelling or redness of extremities [3,4].
One of the rare complications of COVID in children is an inflammatory illness called paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS-TS) that occurs in the weeks following the time of infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes the disease).
What is MIS? Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) can affect children (MIS-C) and adults (MIS-A). MIS is a rare but serious condition associated with COVID-19 in which different body parts become inflamed, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes, or gastrointestinal organs.
There have been no cases of PIMS-TS in Australia. PIMS-TS is rare. Symptoms include: fever • abdominal pain • gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting and diarrhoea) • rash • irritability • red eyes • rarely shock caused by low blood pressure.