Medicines are amongst the common causes of acute pancreatitis, although they may not initially be thought of as an obvious causative factor. Those medicines more frequently implicated include anti-HIV agents, statins, tetracyclines and valproate.
Class II medications (medications implicated in more than 10 cases of acute pancreatitis): rifampin, lamivudine, octreotide, carbamazepine, acetaminophen, phenformin, interferon alfa-2b, enalapril, hydrochlorothiazide, cisplatin, erythromycin, and cyclopenthiazide.
The most common causes are alcohol abuse and lumps of solid material (gallstones) in the gallbladder. The goal for treatment is to rest the pancreas and let it heal. You will likely be in the hospital for a few days.
The main symptom of pancreatitis is pain felt in the upper left side or middle of the abdomen. The pain: May be worse within minutes after eating or drinking at first, more commonly if foods have a high fat content. Becomes constant and more severe, lasting for several days.
Conditions that can lead to acute pancreatitis include: Gallstones. Alcoholism. Certain medications.
Medicines are amongst the common causes of acute pancreatitis, although they may not initially be thought of as an obvious causative factor. Those medicines more frequently implicated include anti-HIV agents, statins, tetracyclines and valproate.
Losartan was deemed as the causative agent for recurrent pancreatitis, a rare phenomenon to be described in the medical literature.
The worldwide incidence of drug-induced pancreatitis is spanning around 5–80 per 100,000 adults. DIP is reported to be higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, also, in children, geriatric population, and with immunosuppression [2].
These data showed that pancreatitis can occur at both high and low doses, with 12 cases developing pancreatitis at less than the dose equivalent of simvastatin 20 mg daily. Statin-induced pancreatitis can occur at any time but seems to be very uncommon early on and more likely to occur after many months of therapy.
In most cases, the first painkillers used are paracetamol, or anti-inflammatories such as ibuprofen. But taking anti-inflammatory painkillers on a long-term basis can increase your risk of developing stomach ulcers, so you may be prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to protect against this.
The exact mechanism of antidepressant-induced acute pancreatitis is unknown, but the risk is probably highest during the first 2 weeks after the initiation of the drug. Among antidepressants, the highest risk of pancreatitis appears to be associated with mirtazapine.
The following drugs seem to cause pancreatitis: azathioprine, thiazides, sulfonamides, furosemide, estrogens, and tetracycline. Less convincing, but suggestive evidence exists for: 1-asparaginase, iatrogenic hypercalcemia, chlorthalidine, corticosteroids, ethacrynic acid, phenformin, and procainamide.
Parenteral narcotics are generally administered for severe acute pancreatitis. The parenteral narcotics used in this setting include meperidine, morphine, fentanyl, and hydromorphone, among others. According to the ACG Practice Guidelines, there is no evidence to suggest the superiority of one drug over another.
Heavy coffee consumption may be associated with a reduced risk for pancreatitis, according to a study published in Digestive Diseases and Sciences.
Drugs and drug classes associated with acute pancreatitis are summarized in Table 2. Potential mechanisms for drug-induced acute pancreatitis include pancreatic duct constriction, cytotoxic and metabolic effects, accumulation of a toxic metabolite or intermediary, and hypersensitivity reactions.
Most people recover completely from acute pancreatitis. If it's not a severe case, you'll feel better in five to 10 days. In severe or complicated cases, you may need to stay in the hospital for several weeks.
The most common complication of acute pancreatitis (occurring in approximately 25% of patients, especially those with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis) is the collection of pancreatic juices outside of the normal boundaries of the ductal system called pseudocysts (Figure 23A).
In rare cases, pancreatitis may be caused by viral infections such as mumps, coxsackie B, mycoplasma pneumonia, and campylobacter.
In acute pancreatitis, inflammation develops quickly and subsides within a few days but can last for to a few weeks.
Mild acute pancreatitis usually goes away in a few days with rest and treatment. If your pancreatitis is more severe, your treatment may also include: Surgery. Your doctor may recommend surgery to remove the gallbladder, called cholecystectomy, if gallstones cause your pancreatitis.
Emotional stress can excite the vagus nerve (connects the brain with the stomach) and causes the stomach to be stimulated to produce excessive amounts of acid. As noted, this increase in acid stimulates an increase in pancreatic secretion production. This can exacerbate pancreatitis once it has been established.
The most common causes of acute pancreatitis include gallstones, alcohol use, and hypertriglyceridemia.