1. Arabic – Number One Language Similar To Farsi/Persian: In North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia, Persian and Arabic are two of the main spoken languages. They have evolved in the same region for years.
Persian is a subgroup of West Iranian languages that include the closely related Persian languages of Dari and Tajik; the less closely related languages of Luri, Bakhtiari, and Kumzari; and the dialects of Fars Province.
Modern Persian is most closely related to Middle and Old Persian, former languages of the region of Fārs (Persia) in southwestern Iran. It is thus called Fārsī by native speakers. Written in Arabic characters, Modern Persian also has many Arabic loanwords and an extensive literature.
In fact, Farsi is not only in a separate language group from Arabic but it's also in a separate language family. Arabic is in the Afro-Asiatic family while Farsi is in the Indo-European family. Coincidentally, Portuguese is also in the Indo-European language family, but it also differs from Farsi in many ways.
Both are Indo-European, one Slavic, one Iranian, so they share some vocabulary. Beyond this, however, they aren't very similar; in terms of grammar, it is hard to think of something that they have in common. Both the languages have a common origin in the Caucasus and Anatolia.
People of Iran
But the people who are generally known as Persians are of mixed ancestry, and the country has important Turkic and Arab elements in addition to the Kurds, Baloch, Bakhtyārī, Lurs, and other smaller minorities (Armenians, Assyrians, Jews, Brahuis, and others).
Afghanistan is most similar country linguistically to Iran. Persian and Dari (the lingua franca of Afghanistan) are essentially the same language. They both use the same writing script as well. Its landscape is also quite similar since it is also a mountainous desert country in the same region.
Compared to Turkish, Persian has been more heavily influenced by Arabic, but like Turkish, the language structure and grammar hasn't been affected by Arabic, and the speakers of Persian cannot communicate with Arabic speakers using Persian language and vice versa.
Iran and Turkey are not Arab countries and their primary languages are Farsi and Turkish respectively. Arab countries have a rich diversity of ethnic, linguistic, and religious communities.
Farsi is one of the oldest languages spoken on earth today, but that doesn't mean people can't understand it. In fact, Farsi speakers today are able to read and understand the Persian language of 1700 years ago with more ease than an English speaker might have reading an English text of even 500 years ago.
Persian is a very poetic, soft and song-like language and has been described as one of the most beautiful languages of the world.
Persian speaking countries
The Persian language (native name: فارسی) has its roots in the Indo-European language family. As a percentage of the total population, the largest share of around 53 percent is in Iran. A total of about 59.8 million people worldwide speak Persian as their mother tongue.
As for the question that which of them is older, then Persian takes the prize if we include the history of its earliest version. The Old Persian had been around since 550-330 BC until it transitioned into the Middle version of the tongue in 224 CE. Old Arabic, on the other hand, emerged in the 1st century CE.
Hindi is not close to farsi but you will see some loan words are entered in hindi directly or through sanskrit from farsi because india's official language was farsi in mughal empire periods. Hindi's closest and mutually intelligible language urdu is much closer to farsi in context of taking thousands loan words.
Persian and Urdu are distinct languages. Persian is classified as an Iranian language, whereas Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language. They fall under the larger grouping of the Indo-Iranian languages, and hence share some linguistic features due to common descent.
Reading Persian is actually easier than Arabic. Although the Persian and Arabic alphabets share many similar letters, not all the letters are pronounced exactly the same as in Arabic. For example ( ث , ص , س ) all sound different in Arabic. But in Persian they are all pronounced as the English “s” sound as in sand.
Persian (also known as Farsi) is an Indo-European language closely tied to Latin, Greek and Germanic languages like English. Its name comes from Fars, which was an ancient name for Persia. It's a Semitic language, though, which means it has more in common with Arabic than any other major language group.
To say “hello,” you would use “salaam alaykum” (may peace be upon you) or simply “salaam” (peace). If you're leaving, you can part ways by saying “khoda hafez,” which means, “may God protect you.”
Khoshgelam. Literally, “my beautiful”, khoshgelam is a word you can say to your lady friend. Iranian moms also love calling their daughters khoshgelam . Variations on this are khoshgele (usually a man says this) or khoshgel khânum (something like “Miss beautiful”).
The Persian word “Salam” means “Hello”. Greetings may involve a handshake with the right hand only.
Persia is today the country of Iran.
The best starting nation to form Persia with if you're starting in 1444 is Ajam. That's the goal early on. The first thing to do is bringing all your troops to the Timurid Border. Recruit to force limit, as finances will not be a problem.
On the day of the Persian New Year, March 21 1935, Reza Shah Pahlavi, requested foreign delegates to use the term Iran, instead of Persia, in a conscious reference to the ancient ancestry of the Iranians.