Fragile X syndrome is the most common known cause of an inherited intellectual disability worldwide.
The most common known preventable or environmental cause of intellectual disability is fetal alcohol syndrome, the most common chromosomal cause is Down syndrome, and the most common genetic cause is Fragile X syndrome.
The most common causes of intellectual disabilities are: Genetic conditions. Sometimes an intellectual disability is caused by abnormal genes inherited from parents, errors when genes combine, or other reasons. Examples of genetic conditions are Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and phenylketonuria (PKU).
Formerly known as mental retardation, the accepted term now is intellectual development disorder (intellectual disability), and it has four subtypes: mild, moderate, severe, and profound.
At a more complex level, one might ask whether he or she can take a bus or follow the news on TV. Most current diagnoses of intellectual disability emphasize adaptive functioning over IQ scores. They therefore measure a person's everyday abilities more than his or her academic performance.
The assessment of intelligence across three domains (conceptual, social, and practical) will ensure that clinicians base their diagnosis on the impact of the deficit in general mental abilities on functioning needed for everyday life.
The Centers for Disease Control considers ADHD to be a developmental disability. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke does not consider ADHD to be a learning disability. It may be possible to receive disability benefits if you or your child has ADHD.
It is recognized as a disability under the 1992 Disability Discrimination Act.
Diagnosing Intellectual Disability
A full-scale IQ score of around 70 to 75 indicates a significant limitation in intellectual functioning. However, the IQ score must be interpreted in the context of the person's difficulties in general mental abilities.
Persons with a mild intellectual disability (MID; intelligence quotient (IQ) range 50–69) or borderline intellectual functioning (BIF; IQ range 70–85) are vulnerable for problems in different domains.
Asperger's is now considered a developmental disorder on the autism spectrum and is no longer considered a separate diagnosis. Individuals with Asperger's have often not been viewed as having a developmental disability due to commonly being characterized as having standard or higher than average intelligence.
Children with ID have a low IQ score–most score between 70 and 55 or lower. Usually, children are not able to do an intelligence test (Intelligence Quotient Test or IQ test) until they are 4 to 6 years old. Therefore, parents may have to wait until a child reaches that age before knowing for sure if their child has ID.
It is a myth that all autistic people have an intellectual disability. The truth is that 2/3 of people on the spectrum have average or above-average IQs.
Intellectual disability is not a disease and cannot be cured, however early diagnosis and ongoing interventions can improve adaptive functioning throughout one's childhood and into adulthood. With ongoing support and interventions, children with intellectual disability can learn to do many things.
Most persons with intellectual disability have mild intellectual disability, for which an underlying biologic cause is less likely to be identified; whereas, a small percentage of persons who have severe to profound intellectual deficit, an underlying biologic cause is highly likely to be identified (1-4).
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability in the United Kingdom and formerly mental retardation, is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.
False! By definition, a learning disability can only be diagnosed in someone with average or above-average intelligence. Those with learning disabilities often have a high IQ — however, the LD is holding them back from demonstrating their true intelligence in daily achievements.
Individuals with mild ID are slower in all areas of conceptual development and social and daily living skills. These individuals can learn practical life skills, which allows them to function in ordinary life with minimal levels of support.
Overall, most persons with mild ID function at mental age of 9–11 years as adults (10,13,15). Persons with mild ID need intermittent support in daily living activities such as self-care, shopping, food preparation and money management (10). They need assistance in making healthcare and legal decisions.
ADHD may be covered by the NDIS if you meet the eligibility and disability requirements. In addition to general criteria such as age, you must be able to prove that you have a disability causing an impairment that: Is permanent or likely to be permanent.
Intellectual disability (ID) is a lifelong condition of impaired intellectual functioning associated with deficits in adaptive functioning. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.
ASD presents differently in boys and girls. ASD is not a mental health problem or an intellectual disability.
Autism is very distinct from ADHD, but the core symptoms of ADHD-Combined type, i.e., attention deficit, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, would appear to also be features of autism. ASD and ADHD are neurobiological disorders characterized by similar underlying neuropsychological “deficits”.
Genetics. ADHD tends to run in families and, in most cases, it's thought the genes you inherit from your parents are a significant factor in developing the condition. Research shows that parents and siblings of someone with ADHD are more likely to have ADHD themselves.