You can use this list to practise the sounds, or as a list of words to be careful in pronouncing. The biggest difference between these two sounds is that /ɒ/ is a short vowel and /ɔ:/ is a long one. The mouth position is also slightly different, with the mouth in /ɔ:/ being slightly tighter and more rounded.
The /aʊ/ symbol finishes with the same /ʊ/ symbol but starts with the /a/ one, meaning the sound starts with the mouth much tighter and further open than with the /ə/ sound of /əʊ/.
/ɒ/ is a short single sound made without the mouth moving. /əʊ/ is a diphthong -- a longer sound made of two sounds -- meaning that the mouth moves during production of the sound.
The trend, is that in all cases, the British IPA would use ɒ , while American would use ɑ . Now from my perspective, this is correct, Americans tend to elongate and turn it into more of an "aw" sound, while British English tends to keep it sharper.
So thus /ɑ/ would be a better choice in North America.
Across the pond, Received Pronunciation British and other dialects don't merge "father" and "bother" vowels like that, thus you get /ɒ/ to accommodate (by the way, /ɒ/ is the rounded version of /ɑ/.)
How to Produce /ɒ/? To produce it, drop the jaw just a little and round the lips, unlike the unrounded /ɑ/ sound. Push your lips together and make a short, voiced sound. As you can see in the picture, the mouth is slightly more open than the /æ/ sound and less rounded than when producing the /ɔ/ sound.
The open back rounded vowel, or low back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɒ⟩. It is called Latin turned alpha being a rotated version of Latin alpha.
These two are pronounced with exactly the same mouth position but /dʒ/ uses the voice, whereas /tʃ/ is just a sudden puff of air similar to a sneeze.
You can use this list to practise the sounds, or as a list of words to be careful in pronouncing. The biggest difference between these two sounds is that /ɒ/ is a short vowel and /ɔ:/ is a long one. The mouth position is also slightly different, with the mouth in /ɔ:/ being slightly tighter and more rounded.
The /ʃ/ sound is spelled with <sh> and <ch> in chaise and Boche . The /ʧ/ sound is spelled with <ch> or <tch>. This is a contrast between a fricative and an affricate, both voiceless and in the same region of the mouth.
Minimal Pair /əʊ/ and /ɔ:/
The sound of /əʊ/ (as in "O", "oh" and "owe") is a diphthong, meaning two vowel sounds blended into one. You should be able to see the mouth moving from one position to the other while making the sound, with the mouth becoming smaller and rounder.
These sounds exist in many parts of Latin America). /ʃ/ is the sound we make when we want to ask for silence (Shhhh…!) and /ʒ/ is its voiced counterpart.
These are both voiced, alveo-palatal consonants. However, /ʒ/ is a fricative and /dʒ/ is an affricate. For /dʒ/, the air in your mouth should stop before being released.
The / ɪə / diphthong is spelled <eer>, <ear> or <are>. The / eə / diphthong is spelled <air>, <ear> or <are>. This is a contrast between two diphthongs with a difference in starting position but with the same direction of movement. It is a problem for learners and some native speakers, especially New Zealanders.
/ɛ/ is mid-open, front, unrounded and oral, e.g.: belle [bɛl] , mettre [mɛtʁ] , est /ɛ/ , vienne [vjɛn] . As you can see, these vowels are identical, except that the tongue is a little higher for /e/ than it is for /ɛ/.
TL;DR: To pronounce the /aʊ/ sound correctly, connect the /ɑ/ sound to /ʊ/ with a smooth, gliding movement. Step-by-step pronunciation instructions: Mouth: First, open your mouth very wide for the /ɑ/ sound. Then glide into the /ʊ/, closing it partially.
Some Ways of Spelling the /ɔ:/ Sound
ore, as in: chore, ore, pore, core, more, etc. our, as in: court, four, mourn, etc. oar, as in: hoarse, coarse, soar, hoard, oar, etc. oor, as in: door, floor, moor, etc.
There are two main types of [u] sound: /uː/, which is long and high, and /ʊ/, which is short and a bit more open. And then there is a third one, /u/, which is a mixture of the previous two.
/ɔ/ is a rounded, low-mid, back, B-class vowel. The tongue body is somewhat raised and retracted (Collins and Mees 2003;Eijkman 1937). /ɔ/ is nasalised before nasal consonants, and raised and centralised before velars (Collins and Mees 2003). /ɔ/ is lengthened and centralised before /r/.
/ʁ/ (the uvular fricative/approximant, might be familiar to most as the French R, like in rouge) is further back in the throat than /ɣ/ (the velar fricative, or the “gh” sound), the same way /q/ is like /k/ but further back in the throat.
With /tʃ/ the air is released suddenly like a sneeze, making it almost impossible to extended the sound for any length of time. In contrast, you can extended /ʃ/ virtually as long as you like, as people do when they really want someone to be quiet.
/ʤ/ is released with a sudden release of air, similar to /tʃ/ but with use of the voice. The phonemic symbol /j/ looks as if it should be pronounced like the first letter of jam, but is in fact the first sound in yellow. The sound /j/ is similar to the vowel sound /i:/, and in fact is often called a “semi-vowel”.
The IPA phonetic symbol /ɑː/ corresponds to the vowel sound in words like "start", "art", "palm" and "spa". In Received Pronunciation, /ɑː/ corresponds to the vowel sound in words like "bath" and "ask", in addition to "start", "art", "palm" and "spa". See also Phoneme /ɑː/ in Received Pronunciation.
Some common words which practice the pronunciation of /ɪə/ include the following: with “ea”: appear - beard - clear - dear - ear - fear - gear - hear - idea - idealist - near - realise - really - realistic - surrealist - tear - theatre - year. with "ee": beer - career - cheers!