Vitamin B12 deficiency is caused by not eating enough B12-rich foods (common in vegan diets), poor absorption due to stomach/intestinal issues (like pernicious anemia, Crohn's, celiac disease, or stomach surgery), certain medications (metformin, antacids), alcoholism, or age-related decline in stomach acid, all hindering the body's ability to get and use this essential vitamin.
Vitamin B12 deficiency can also cause symptoms that affect your brain and nervous system (neurological symptoms), including: numbness. muscle weakness. psychological problems, which can range from mild depression or anxiety, to confusion and dementia.
Pernicious anemia is a complex disease, with a clear autoimmune basis. The anemia is megaloblastic and is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to intrinsic factor (IF) deficiency.
Causes of Vitamin B12 deficiency
Any currently treated or untreated nutrient deficiency or disease. These include, but are not limited to, Protein Energy Malnutrition, Scurvy, Rickets, Beriberi, Hypocalcemia, Osteomalacia, Vitamin K Deficiency, Pellagra, Xerophthalmia, and Iron Deficiency.
The foods highest in Vitamin B12 are animal products, with clams and liver (beef, lamb) being exceptionally rich sources, often providing several hundred percent of the daily value in a single serving, alongside seafood like mussels, sardines, and salmon, dairy, eggs, and fortified cereals and nutritional yeast for vegans.
People with very low vitamin B-12 levels can have symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, stomach problems, nerve damage, vision problems and mood changes. They also may have low iron, called anemia, or low blood counts.
B12 deficiency can trigger specific food cravings, most notably for meat, fish, or eggs, as the body seeks animal-based sources to replenish the vitamin, especially in those on vegetarian/vegan diets or older adults. While cravings for sugary or salty foods can also signal general B-vitamin issues, the distinct urge for protein-rich animal products is a key indicator, but professional testing is crucial for confirmation.
B12 deficiency. Delay in diagnosis and treatment resulted in a near fatal presentation of a common disease. The primary care physician should be aware that there is a window of opportunity for diagnosis and treatment; several complications of Vit. B12 deficiency are irreversible if early treatment is not provided.
Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia is usually treated with injections of vitamin B12, called hydroxocobalamin. At first, you'll have these injections every other day for 2 weeks or until your symptoms have started improving. Your GP or nurse will give the injections.
Symptoms such as pins and needles, disturbed vision, a sore and red tongue, mouth ulcers, muscle weakness and problems with balancing and walking, psychological problems such as depression and confusion, problems with memory, understanding and judgement could also be related to B12 deficiency.
To quickly increase B12, focus on animal products (meat, fish, dairy, eggs) and fortified foods (cereals, plant milks, nutritional yeast), but for a significant deficiency or rapid boost, especially if dietary changes aren't enough, consult a doctor for high-dose supplements or B12 injections, as severe cases require medical intervention for proper absorption and treatment, note NHS and Healthline.
Contrary to common assumptions, Vitamin B12 deficiency doesn't directly lead to weight gain. However, it can indirectly influence weight through its impact on energy metabolism. Insufficient B12 can lead to fatigue and weakness, which may reduce physical activity levels and, in turn, lead to weight gain.
Dairy Milk
In addition to B12, milk is an excellent source of calcium and is rich in protein, both of which are needed for bone and muscle health. Best for: People who consume animal products, tolerate dairy well, and are looking for a high-protein drink.
The following groups are among those most likely to be vitamin B12 deficient.
Top foods with B12
In our experience, oral spray supplements can take 3 days to increase serum nutrient levels, with a significant increase seen after 10 days, and a deficiency can be turned into an optimal level within 10 weeks.
People need vitamin B-12 for the brain to work well. If not treated, vitamin B-12 deficiency can lead to issues with the nerves, brain or spinal cord. These might include lasting tingling in the hands and feet or trouble with balance.
Cutaneous manifestations associated with vitamin B12 deficiency are skin hyperpigmentation, vitiligo, angular stomatitis, and hair changes. A diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency is often overlooked in its early stages because these signs are not specific to vitamin B12 deficiency alone.
The BetterYou B12 At-Home Test Kit makes it easy to check your B12 levels with a simple blood test. Accurate lab analysis provides clear results within 5 working days, helping you take control of your health and make informed supplementation decisions.
The best form of B12 is often considered methylcobalamin, as it's a naturally occurring, active form the body uses immediately, though adenosylcobalamin is also an active form, with a combination often recommended for better results, especially for deficiency or absorption issues, while cyanocobalamin, a cheaper synthetic option, is effective but requires conversion and is less ideal for some. For general supplementation, natural forms like methylcobalamin or adenosylcobalamin are preferred for better retention.
Symptoms of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
Eggs. Another great source of B12 is eggs. Two large eggs (100 grams) supply about 46% of the DV for vitamin B12, plus 39% of the DV for vitamin B2. Research has shown that egg yolks have higher levels of vitamin B12 than egg whites and that the vitamin B12 in egg yolks is easier to absorb.