If you skip the second rise (proofing) in bread making, the loaf will likely be dense, heavy, and tough with a poor texture, lacking the light, chewy crumb and complex flavor from proper fermentation and gluten development; it won't have the oven spring and might even tear or collapse, resulting in an inferior, gummy loaf. While some recipes allow a single rise for speed, skipping the second rise sacrifices significant quality, texture, and flavor.
According to most baking resources, in order to get the best texture and flavor that is typical of leavened bread, dough should be given a second rise before baking. A second rise allows yeast more time to work, which changes the actual fibers within the dough.
The second rise helps develop a lighter, chewier texture, and a more complex flavor. However, it is not essential that dough rise twice. Many varieties and recipes allow for a single rise while others even call for more than two.
If you don't let dough rise long enough then the bread will be dense, rubbery and less flavorful. As the yeast ferments, it fills the dough with gas and gives the bread its airy texture . The flavors also come as byproducts of fermentation.
The third rise will confirm that it's 'established'. Some people have good results trying it on their 3rd rise but some people need a few more. You can make a loaf on your 3rd rise but I would make sure it has at least doubled before baking. Also try a very small recipe.
If you're checking on shaped dough for the second rise/proof, then it should also be about double in size. Feel: Bread dough that has successfully risen/proofed will spring back slowly when poked and leave an indent. If it snaps back too quickly, it needs more time.
It really depends on the temperature, ingredients, starter. In summer usually no more than 5 hours in winter could be as long as 12! Sarah Wilcox this graph will help. Your dough temperature is what you want to track.
Here are some few reasons: 1▪️Not kneading the dough properly. 2▪️The flour could have too low protein content. 3▪️There could be too much salt in the recipe.
By deflating — or punching down — the dough after the first rise, the baker is allowing the yeast to move to areas where more sugars are available. The yeast can then repeat the same process during the second rise and create more gas to be trapped in the dough.
It looks over proofed. It's usually after the rise falls again. You're looking for a domed top that slowly bounces back when you press on it. It'll be harder to shape when is over proofed as the dough will seem runnier and flat.
Cover them over with a damp, clean kitchen towel to keep them from drying out. The reason for this is to rest the dough to allow it to relax. This way when you're trying to make the final shape, that dough won't snap back at you.
The slightest knock and the carbon dioxide pockets in the loaf will push against the pushed to the limit gluten structure and the whole thing will collapse. If the dough is over proofed oven spring can't happen and the dough's structure collapses rather than springs.
7 Breadmaking mistakes to avoid:
Testing your yeast
If the mixture rises to double or triple in size, then your yeast is active! Go ahead and bake with confidence! If your mixture does not rise much or stays at the same volume, then your yeast is no longer active. You'll have to throw it out, and get yourself a new batch.
In three to four minutes, the yeast will have absorbed enough liquid to activate and start to foam. After ten minutes, the foamy yeast mixture should have risen to the 1-cup mark and have a rounded top. If this is true, your yeast is very active and should be used in your recipe immediately.
For a fluffy bread texture, the key is to let the bread rise long enough.
Cubed reject breads are good for a LOT! You can make croutons, bread pudding (perhaps with a bourbon sauce?), bread and butter pudding, even plum pudding! I recommend exploring plum pudding if you've made enough bread that you might be willing to age a pud for a year!
Heated oven: Turn your oven on to the lowest temperature it will go and turn it off once it reaches about 100 - 110 degrees. Place the dough in the oven and close the door. Some ovens don't go that low (mine goes only to 170F). If that is the case with yours, turn it off before it gets to that temperature.
The surrounding temperature influences the speed at which dough undergoes its final rise before baking, a step known as proofing. To speed the process, many bread recipes (including some of our own) recommend keeping the dough in a warm place.
That's the second “rise” The Resting helps relax the gluten so it can rise again in the oven. If you let your dough fully double in the second rise it won't rise in the oven and you run the risk of it over proofing and collapsing in the oven. Reduce the second rise to 20-30 minutes and you'll get a nice oven spring.
High starter quantities speed up fermentation and lower quantities slow down fermentation. For example, a recipe with 20% starter may finish bulk fermentation in 5 hours and at 10% starter, it may take 8 hours.