A bed bug looks like a small, flat, oval, reddish-brown insect, about the size of an apple seed (4-7mm), with six legs and two antennae; they become swollen and more reddish after a blood meal, while nymphs (young) are smaller and paler, and eggs are tiny, pearl-white pinheads. They don't fly or jump but crawl quickly, and have a distinct musty odor when crushed, according to the EPA.
Bed Bug Identification
Adult bed bugs are reddish brown in color, wingless, and are about the size of an apple seed. Immature bed bugs (there are 5 immature or nymphal instar stages) can also be seen with the naked eye but they are smaller than adults, and translucent whitish-yellow in color.
Rusty or reddish stains on bed sheets or mattresses caused by bed bugs being crushed. Dark spots (about this size: •), which are bed bug excrement and may bleed on the fabric like a marker would. Eggs and eggshells, which are tiny (about 1mm) and pale yellow skins that nymphs shed as they grow larger. Live bed bugs.
Bugs often mistaken for bed bugs include bat bugs, carpet beetles (especially larvae), cockroach nymphs, fleas, booklice, swallow bugs, mites, and spider beetles, due to similarities in size, shape, or causing similar bites/irritations, but key differences lie in their antennae, body shape, host preference, and location (e.g., bat bugs near bats, fleas near pets).
High heat (steam, hot dryer) and some contact sprays like rubbing alcohol or specific low-toxicity sprays kill bed bugs and their eggs instantly, but complete eradication requires persistent treatment like vacuuming, sealing cracks, using diatomaceous earth (DE), and washing items at high temperatures. While chemicals work, heat is highly effective, killing bugs in all life stages on contact, especially when temperatures reach 60°C (140°F) or higher, according to health.vic.gov.au and myhealth1st.com.au.
Many people cannot feel bed bugs crawling due to their quiet, swift movement and small size. Skin sensitivity varies; some individuals might notice a slight tickling or itching, while others may feel nothing. Bed bugs are nocturnal, often hiding during the day, making detection by crawling sensation less likely.
Bed bugs do not go away on their own. They rely on human blood and hide in tight spaces, making natural elimination impossible. Without treatment, infestations usually get worse over time. They can't escape or leave by themselves, and their populations grow quickly.
Bed bugs dislike strong scents like lavender, peppermint, tea tree oil, and eucalyptus. These natural aromas can deter bed bugs by creating an environment they find unpleasant, though they're not guaranteed to eliminate an infestation. Using essential oil sprays or sachets can help as a preventive measure.
Bed bug bites typically appear as small, red, raised welts on the skin. They often occur in clusters or linear patterns, reflecting the bug's feeding behavior along the edge of exposed skin. Unlike flea bites, bed bug bites may not be immediately noticeable, sometimes taking several days to develop.
Contrary to popular belief, bed bugs do not actually live in hair—though they may bite at your scalp. They prefer to live in dark, secluded spaces, such as behind your bed, between furniture and walls, or within cracks on your floorboard.
Their flat shape enables them to readily hide in cracks and crevices. Bed bugs cannot fly. Bed bugs hide during the day in dark, protected sites. They seem to prefer fabric, wood, and paper surfaces.
➡️ Bed bugs mainly hide in mattresses, bed bases, cracks, skirting boards and furniture near the bed. ➡️ To find a nest, inspect bedding, furniture and dark corners with a torch and magnifying glass, ideally at night when they are active.
Technically, bed bugs are unlikely to live on the clothes you're wearing, but they can quickly take up residence on items in a suitcase, and even what's in your drawers or on your floor. You should always launder items after returning from a trip, but will washing clothes kill bed bugs or just reduce the population?
Three key signs of bed bugs are itchy bites (often in lines or clusters), dark spots or rust-colored stains on bedding (fecal matter or crushed bugs), and the presence of the bugs or their pale, shed skins in mattress seams, bed frames, and crevices. A musty odor in severe infestations and tiny, pearly eggs in hidden spots are also strong indicators.
Common bite sites include the face, neck, arms, hands, and legs. The bites are usually found in a linear or zigzag pattern, as bed bugs often feed multiple times in one area.
It's tempting to hope you've caught the only bed bug in your home, but these pests don't usually live alone. Bed bugs reproduce quickly, and a single female can lay hundreds of eggs in her lifetime. If one made its way into your home, there's a good chance it wasn't alone.
Showering can help remove any bed bugs present on your skin temporarily, as water and soap can disrupt their ability to cling to surfaces. However, showering alone is not sufficient to eliminate a bed bug infestation, as these pests primarily reside in hidden cracks and crevices within your home.
At the very beginning of an infestation, it's possible to have a single bedbug bite or a few isolated bites. When bedbugs bite, the spot is flat, but it can quickly cause the skin to swell and itch. The appearance of a bedbug bite also has a red haemorrhagic spot in the centre of the spot .
Bed bugs have the following characteristics: They are visible to the naked eye. Adult bed bugs are usually brown in colour. When filled with blood, their colour ranges from red to dark brown.
Because bed bugs are attracted to warmth where they're most likely to find their food source, using various methods to heat the suspected infected areas could be helpful. Try heating your bed (or any infected area) with a steamer, blow dryer, or heater to bring bugs out of hiding.
Bed bugs are averse to slick surfaces like glass, plastic, and polished metals and stone.
Do not squish a bed bug as it will release the blood and any pathogens it may be carrying. Resist the urge to scratch the bites. your agency's policy in regards to whether a doctor's order is required.)
Yes, bed bugs can survive in blankets, especially if the infestation is severe. Bed bugs are resilient pests that can hide in the folds and seams of blankets, making it challenging to eliminate them without proper treatment.
Bed bugs have another defense system that prevents you from feeling you've been bitten. They inject an anesthetic (numbing) and an anticoagulant (stops bleeding) into your skin when they bite.