The four characteristics of a good control system are accuracy, timely information, economically realistic and well coordinated with the organization.
The control should be objective, definite and determinable in a clear and positive way. The standards of measurement should be quantified as far as possible. If they are not quantifiable, such as training effectiveness etc. they must be determinable and verifiable.
Establishing Performance Standards. Measuring the Actual Performance. Comparing Actual Performance to the Standards. Taking Corrective Action.
The four types of control systems are belief systems, boundary systems, diagnostic systems, and interactive system.
A feedback control system consists of five basic components: (1) input, (2) process being controlled, (3) output, (4) sensing elements, and (5) controller and actuating devices.
The constitution of a closed-loop control system is discussed in chapter 1; the basic system is defined in terms of three elements, the error detector, the controller and the output element.
Function 4: Controlling
The controlling function involves monitoring and tracking progress and performance to help when making decisions in a work environment.
The most important function of controlling is to compare actual performances with expected results. This, in turn, helps managers understand where they are lacking and how they can improve their performances. Using this knowledge, managers can use all available resources optimally and prevent their wastage.
(i) Accomplishing organisational goals. (ii) Making efficient use of resources. (iii) Ensuring order and discipline. (iv) Improving employee motivation.
A control system is a set of mechanical or electronic devices that regulates other devices or systems by way of control loops. Typically, control systems are computerized. Control systems are a central part of production and distribution in many industries. Automation technology plays a big role in these systems.
It discusses four major concepts—on–off control, modulating control, open loop control, and ratio control.
These five types of management control systems are (i) cultural controls, (ii) planning controls, (iii) cybernetic controls, (iv) reward and compensation controls and (v) administrative controls.
A control system is a system that is used to control the behavior of a device or process. It is made up of three main components: a sensor, a controller, and an actuator.
(1) Controlling is a Fundamental Management Function. (2) Essential Function of Every Manager. (3) Controlling is a Continuous Activity. (4) Controlling is Both the Beginning and the End of the Process of Management.
Control characters may be described as doing something when the user inputs them, such as code 3 (End-of-Text character, ETX, ^C ) to interrupt the running process, or code 4 (End-of-Transmission character, EOT, ^D ), used to end text input on Unix or to exit a Unix shell.
Three basic types of control systems are available to executives: (1) output control, (2) behavioral control, and (3) clan control. Different organizations emphasize different types of control, but most organizations use a mix of all three types.
The control function can be viewed as a five-step process: (1) establish standards, (2) measure performance, (3) compare actual performance with standards and identify any deviations, (4) determine the reason for deviations, and (5) take corrective action if needed.
Output controls involve measurable results. Behavioural controls involve regulating activities rather than outcomes. Clan control relies on a set of shared values, expectations, traditions, and norms. Over time, a series of fads intended to improve organizational control processes have emerged.
What are the seven major classes of access control? The directive, deterrent, preventative, detective, corrective, compensating, and recovery.
General controls include software controls, physical hardware controls, computer oper- ations controls, data security controls, controls over the systems implementation process, and administrative controls.