In Why Work? (1988, 1995), I suggested that to motivate followers, leaders should employ an appropriate mix of four Rs: Responsibilities, Relationships, Rewards, Reasons.
Unsatisfied need, tension, drives, search behaviour, satisfied behaviour, reduction of tension are the steps involved in the motivational process.
Daniel Goleman, who developed the concept of emotional intelligence in the mid '90s, identified four elements that make up motivation: our personal drive to improve and achieve, commitment to our goals, initiative, or readiness to act on opportunities, as well as optimism, and resilience.
4: FOUR INTRINSIC REWARDS: MEANINGFULNESS, CHOICE, COMPETENCE, AND PROGRESS - Intrinsic Motivation at Work, 2nd Edition [Book]
Turner and Paris (1995) term these the Six C's of Motivation: choice, challenge, control, collaboration, constructing meaning, and consequences.
The Fives P's of Motivation are Project, Praise, Prizes, Prestige and Power. There are overlaps between the five categories and children often tune into more than one of the motivating strategies depending on the situation, difficulties of the task and the other various factors.
Turner and Paris (1995) identified 6 factors to consider in your own course design to improve student motivation: Choice, Constructing Meaning, Control, Challenge, Consequence, and Collaboration.
Turner and Paris' Six C's of Motivation (1995) identifies six characteristics of motivating contexts, namely, choice, challenge, control, collaboration, constructing meaning, and consequences. Choice, Challenge, Control, and Collaboration were discussed in previous blog posts.
McClelland's Acquired Needs Motivation Theory says that humans have three types of emotional needs: achievement, power and affiliation. Individuals can have any mix of these needs. Their motivations and behaviors are shaped by the strength and blend of their specific needs.
These are: be motivated themselves, select people who are highly motivated, treat people as individuals, set stretching but achievable goals, remember that progress motivates, create motivating environments, provide fair rewards and give recognition.
Three C's of intrinsic motivation have been identified by Kohn (1993) as collaboration, content and choice.
This theory explains that through different levels of motivation, ranging from amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation, the individual is more likely to initiate and maintain a behavioral change.
The four stages of the motivation cycle include need, drive, incentive, and goal/reward.
But it turns out that each one of us is primarily triggered by one of three motivators: achievement, affiliation, or power. This is part of what was called Motivation Theory, developed by David McClelland back in 1961.
American psychologist Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation which states that five categories of human needs dictate an individual's behavior. Those needs are physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.
In the science of psychology, the process of motivation is broken down into three subprocesses: activation, persistence and intensity. Activation, or the initiation of motivated behavior, involves taking the first steps in order to achieve a goal.
Motivations are primarily separated into two categories: extrinsic and intrinsic.
There are three major components to motivation: activation, persistence, and intensity.