Babies achieve developmental milestones, like smiling, holding their head up, rolling over, babbling, and walking, at different ages, but generally within specific ranges, with key periods in the first few months (0-6 months for head control, cooing), around 9 months (crawling, babbling, understanding words), and by 12 months (walking with support, first words). While there's a typical timeline (e.g., head control by 2-3 months, sitting by 6 months, first steps by 12 months), it's more important that they are progressing, and doctors track these to ensure healthy development, with a useful app from the CDC available.
Examples include smiling back at you by 2 months, “cooing” by 4 months, rolling from their tummy onto their back by 6 months and looking for things they drop by 9 months. Pediatricians track your baby's milestones at routine well-check visits.
The first three months with your baby often seem the hardest. Sleep-deprived parents can feel overwhelmed, but that is normal and you will quickly learn how to read your baby's cues and personality. Don't worry about “spoiling” your baby at this stage.
Developmental Red Flags (24 to 36 months)
Frequent falling and difficulty with stairs. Persistent drooling or very unclear speech. Inability to build a tower of more than 4 blocks. Difficulty manipulating small objects. Inability to copy a circle by 3 years old.
The "3-3-3 Rule" for toddlers is a simple mindfulness and grounding technique to calm anxiety by engaging their senses: name 3 things they can see, identify 3 sounds they can hear, and move 3 different parts of their body (like hands, feet, head). This helps shift focus from overwhelming thoughts to the present moment, acting as a "brain reset" for emotional regulation during meltdowns or stress, making it a useful tool for building emotional intelligence and control.
The 7 key danger signs for newborns, often highlighted by organizations like the WHO, are not feeding well, convulsions, fast breathing, severe chest indrawing, lethargy/unconsciousness (movement only when stimulated), high or low temperature, and jaundice (yellow skin/soles) or signs of local infection like an infected umbilical stump, requiring immediate medical attention.
The 5-3-3 rule is a loose guideline for structuring a baby's sleep schedule: 5 hours of wake time before the first nap, 3 hours of wake time before the second nap, and 3 hours before bedtime.
The least common month to have a baby? February, aka the shortest month of the year. Here's what these trends tell us about conception and birthing trends in the US, as well as how to figure out how common your child's birthday is.
The 2-hour rule for babies means they shouldn't stay in a car seat (or travel system seat) for more than two hours at a time, whether in or out of the car, because the semi-upright position can strain their developing spine and restrict their breathing, increasing the risk of low oxygen levels, especially for newborns and preemies. For long journeys, parents should take breaks every two hours to take the baby out, allow them to lie flat for a while, stretch, and feed, ensuring they get proper head/neck support and circulation.
SIDS is less common after 8 months of age, but parents and caregivers should continue to follow safe sleep practices to reduce the risk of SIDS and other sleep-related causes of infant death until baby's first birthday. More than 90% of all SIDS deaths occur before 6 months of age.
Hold your baby until they're in a deeper sleep. Babies start in 'active sleep' (with faster, uneven breathing) and move into a deeper sleep after about 20 minutes. That's a good time to transfer them into their sleeping place. Many babies don't like being put down into a cot.
The 3-2-1 sleep rule is a simple wind-down routine: stop eating and drinking alcohol 3 hours before bed, stop working/mentally stimulating activities 2 hours before, and turn off screens (phones, TVs) 1 hour before sleep, helping you transition to rest by reducing stimulants and preparing your mind and body. It's often part of a larger 10-3-2-1-0 rule, which also adds no caffeine 10 hours prior and no hitting snooze (0) in the morning.
Three key red flags at 12 months, indicating a need to talk to a pediatrician, include not responding to name/not babbling/not using gestures like waving, not crawling or dragging one side of the body, and not searching for hidden objects or pointing to show things, as these suggest potential delays in communication, movement, and cognitive skills.
6-8 months until 18 months-2 years
During this period a child begins to show a strong attachment to their primary caregivers. Babies start to develop separation anxiety during this phase and can become upset when their caregiver leaves, even for short periods (Bowlby, 1997)8.
Positive parenting tips
Astrology suggests birth months influence luck, drawing opportunities and positive events. Individuals born in March, May, June, August, October, and December are highlighted for inherent optimism, cosmic backing, or karmic benefits.
What are the most common birthday dates? September 9 th takes the (birthday) cake as the most common birthday of the year. Some celebs who blow out their candles on this day include Adam Sandler, Michelle Williams, and Hugh Grant. It's one of nine birthdates that make up the top 10!
The BEST birthday date emerged as July 28th – due, in-part, to the likelihood of fantastic weather, its closeness to payday, as well as the “feel-good” summer factor!
Why Does SIDS Peak at 2-4 Months? The widely accepted explanation for the SIDS peak has to do with the timeline of brain development. “Up to 4 months old, the part of the brain that controls breathing and wakefulness is under a lot of development,” Juliet explains.
The 40-day rule after birth, often called confinement or "The Golden Month," is a widespread cultural tradition emphasizing a mother's deep rest, healing, and bonding with her newborn, with family often handling chores and visitors, promoting physical recovery (like stopping bleeding) and mental well-being, rooted in ancient practices from Asia, Latin America, and religious traditions like Judaism and Christianity. Key aspects involve nourishing the mother, sheltering her from stress, and focusing solely on resting and bonding, a stark contrast to Western pressures to "bounce back" quickly.
It's OK to let your baby cry if the baby doesn't seem sick and you've tried everything to soothe your baby. You can try to leave your baby alone in a safe place, such as a crib, for about 10 to 15 minutes. Many babies need to cry before they can fall asleep. And they'll nod off faster if you leave them to cry.
Crying or irritability that does not get better with cuddling and comfort. A sleepy baby who cannot be awakened enough to nurse or bottle-feed. Signs of sickness (such as cough, diarrhea, pale skin color) Poor appetite or weak sucking ability.
The hardest week with a newborn is often considered the first six weeks, especially weeks 2-3, due to extreme sleep deprivation, constant feeding demands, learning baby's cues, postpartum recovery, and a peak in inconsolable crying (the "witching hour"), making parents feel overwhelmed as they adjust to a new, exhausting routine. While the first week is tough, the challenges often intensify as the baby becomes more alert but still fussy, with major developmental hurdles like cluster feeding and increased fussiness peaking around 6-8 weeks.
Beyond the cuteness explosion you can expect when Baby starts smiling around 6 to 8 weeks, it's also an exciting time for their development. Baby's vision and facial recognition is improving, and they're outgrowing their early reflexes. They're also beginning to express feelings, such as excitement or contentment.