It's common for anxiety and ADHD to overlap, making them hard to tell apart, but the key difference often lies in the source of distraction: ADHD is about an inability to focus even when calm (due to a wandering, easily distracted mind), while anxiety causes focus issues because your mind is filled with fearful, worried thoughts, according to Talkspace and ADDitude Magazine. Many people have both, so getting a proper diagnosis from a mental health professional is crucial for effective treatment, says Medical News Today.
Because they have overlapping symptoms like trouble focusing and inner restlessness, it can be difficult to tell them apart. A key difference: adults with ADHD struggle to focus even when calm, while anxiety affects focus mainly when worry or fear sets in.
ADHD and Anxiety are often linked—but they're not the same thing. Both can show up as racing thoughts, restlessness, or trouble sleeping, yet the root causes differ. ADHD is tied to challenges in Executive Function (like planning, focus, and working memory), while Anxiety stems more from fear and worry. Understanding.
The ADHD and Anxiety Feedback Loop
Many of the symptoms of ADHD actually resemble those of anxiety, leading to a feedback loop. For example, a physical symptom of both ADHD and anxiety is restlessness and fidgeting. When expressed as a symptom of ADHD, it can trigger or increase anxiety if it is perceived as such.
The 20-minute rule for ADHD is a productivity strategy to overcome task paralysis by committing to work on a task for just 20 minutes, leveraging the brain's need for dopamine and short bursts of focus, making it easier to start and build momentum, with the option to stop or continue after the timer goes off, and it's a variation of the Pomodoro Technique, adapted for ADHD's unique challenges like time blindness. It helps by reducing overwhelm, providing a clear starting point, and creating a dopamine-boosting win, even if you only work for that short period.
Increase stress relief by exercising outdoors—people with ADHD often benefit from sunshine and green surroundings. Try relaxing forms of exercise, such as mindful walking, yoga, or tai chi. In addition to relieving stress, they can teach you to better control your attention and impulses.
💙 ADHD shutdown is a mental freeze triggered by overwhelm, leaving you unable to start tasks, make decisions, or interact with others — often described as paralysis, a freeze, or a neurological pause.
Because of this, ADHD can be misdiagnosed as just anxiety, just depression, or only mood issues: Teens with ADHD frequently report difficulty concentrating, restlessness or irritability, and sleep disturbances. These same complaints are also common in both anxiety and depression.
You do something impulsive, or under stress. Instantly, you feel ashamed and embarrassed, which turns into frustration, anger, despair, or anxiety. The more you feed intense feelings with negative thoughts, the more emotional distress you inflict on your ADHD brain. Break that unhealthy spiral with these strategies.
Certain attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications can help treat a person's co-occurring anxiety, while others, including Adderall, may worsen it. ADHD and anxiety disorders are different conditions with distinct symptoms and presentations. The two conditions may exist together.
For many adults and teens with ADHD, the condition shows up as relentless mental overdrive, constant overthinking, and the exhausting pressure to “do more.” At Unique Minds Behavioral Health Services, we often work with clients experiencing the overlooked combination of ADHD, anxiety, and burnout.
5 common problems that can mimic ADHD
The ADHD "30% Rule" is a guideline suggesting that executive functions (like self-regulation, planning, and emotional control) in people with ADHD develop about 30% slower than in neurotypical individuals, meaning a 10-year-old might function more like a 7-year-old in these areas, requiring adjusted expectations for maturity, task management, and behavior. It's a tool for caregivers and adults with ADHD to set realistic goals, not a strict scientific law, helping to reduce frustration by matching demands to the person's actual developmental level (executive age) rather than just their chronological age.
Diagnosis Implications
Firstly, anxiety symptoms may mask ADHD symptoms as anxiety can lower impulsivity. However, anxiety may also inhibit impulsivity but make inattention worse, which can complicate diagnosis (Pliszka et al., 1999).
Feeling nervous, restless or tense. Having a sense of impending danger, panic or doom. Having an increased heart rate. Breathing rapidly (hyperventilation).
The ADHD burnout cycle is a pattern where constant effort to manage ADHD symptoms (like executive dysfunction, overstimulation, and masking) leads to extreme mental/physical exhaustion, a "crash," and a shame spiral, often followed by trying to overcompensate again, repeating the cycle. It involves phases like the initial push/overcompensation, the struggle/stress, the collapse/shutdown, and the guilt-ridden recovery attempt, resulting in fatigue, irritability, procrastination, and disengagement from life.
The ADHD "2-Minute Rule" suggests doing any task taking under two minutes immediately to build momentum, but it often backfires by derailing focus due to weak working memory, time blindness, and transition difficulties in people with ADHD. A better approach is to write down these quick tasks on a separate "catch-all" list instead of interrupting your main work, then schedule specific times to review and tackle them, or use a slightly longer timeframe like a 5-minute rule to prevent getting lost down "rabbit holes".
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety are separate conditions, but for a lot of folks they come as a package deal. About half of adults with ADHD also have anxiety disorder. If you're one of them, the right treatment can improve your ADHD symptoms and ease your anxious feelings, too.
The 24-hour rule for ADHD is a self-regulation strategy to combat impulsivity by creating a mandatory waiting period (often a full day) before reacting to emotionally charged situations or making significant decisions, allowing time for reflection and reducing regretful snap judgments, especially for things like impulse purchases or arguments. It's a pause button that gives the brain space to process, move from impulse to intention, and evaluate choices more logically, helping manage ADHD's impact on emotional regulation and decision-making.
Mood swings – Adults with untreated ADHD may struggle with emotional regulation, which can cause sudden shifts in mood. Inability to stay organized – Struggles with organization are common for adults with untreated ADHD. This can lead to regularly losing items, forgetting commitments, and being overwhelmed by tasks.
Loss of sleep, appetite, and concentration along with increased irritability are all signs of depression and can contribute to and/or mimic inattentive ADHD symptoms. Both ADHD and depression are common in the population and thus can occur in the same patient.
How to manage anxiety when you have ADHD: 10 tips
A brain dump is a simple yet powerful personal organization technique. It involves transferring all the thoughts, ideas, tasks, worries, and reminders that are occupying your mind onto a tangible medium, typically paper or a digital note-taking platform.
24-Hour Hot Spot: Have a designated area somewhere like your desk where you can place your “need to-dos.” Place anything there that needs your attention within 24 hours so that it doesn't get lost. Pocket Notes: Writing on your hand is risky; try writing important things on notes and putting them in your pocket.